Fundamental
concepts of
chemistry
6. Read the following word-combinations.
octet rule
attractive force
electro-negativity difference
as far as chlorine is concerned
more stable
nothing but
outermost valence shell
Replace the underlined words with their English equivalents from the list. Give the
general idea of the text in 2-3 sentences.
IONIC BONDS
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond, in which one atom gives away/transfers its
valence electron to another electron, to gain stability according to the правило
октета, thus,
forming oppositely charged ions. When an ionic bond is formed, a negative ion and positive
ion is formed, which are attracted to each other, thereby maintaining the bond. The сила
притяжения between the negative and positive ions increases as the distance between the
atoms decreases. Ionic bonds are formed between metals and nonmetals, with significantly
large различие
электроотрицательности
. Ionic bonds are weaker than covalent bonds.
The most common and popular example of an ionic bond is that of sodium chloride or
table salt. Since sodium (Na) possesses 11 electrons (2, 8, 1), with one electron in the
внешней
валентной
оболочке. Thus, Na is able to give off one electron easily to form Na
+
ion, whereby it becomes more stable as per the octet rule. Что
касается
хлора, it belongs to
the halogen group, possesses 17 electrons (2, 8, 7), with seven electrons in its outermost shell.
Thus, chlorine can easily
gain an electron to form Cl
-
ion, whereby it becomes более
стабильный as per the octet rule.
13
When
one Na atom
comes in contact with one Cl
atom,
the Na atom will readily
give up its electron to become a
more stable Na+ ion, while the
Cl
atom will readily accept the
electron to form a more stable,
Cl
-
ion. The resultant ions are
oppositely charged, which is why
they get attracted to each other,
until
they touch each other,
forming Na
+
Cl
-
‘molecule’. The
electric attraction between Na
+
and Cl
-
ions is ничто
иное
как the ionic bond. Ionic bonds are
not as strong as covalent bonds, which is why we are able to break salt into smaller pieces.
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