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Text 16A Soil Pollution Soil pollution has become a priority in many industrialized coun- tries after the inventory of various locations in which contamination was posing a risk to people and the environment. The effects of soil contamination are different: - soil pollution is a source of risk for humans and ecosystems, which are (potentially) affected by direct exposure to the contami- nated surface or by indirect exposure, for instance through contami- nated ground water; - soil contamination is a source of risk for ground work (like pipe- lines or utility network) due to the chemical properties of the contami- nant and the risk of ignition and explosion, for instance for fuel con- tamination; - for publicly owner sites, a polluted area is a severe planning con- straint, since the site use may be impossible or limited to a specific soil functionality (e.g. an industrial storage facility); - for privately owned sites, a polluted area is a heavy economic burden of remediation expenditures (a net cost for the company) and of soil usage; - the presence of polluted areas may hinder and delay some spe- cific developments which imply land use and ground work (like the provision or maintenance of infrastructures); - remediation expenditures do not offer any increase in productiv- ity, merely the possibility of removing a source of risk and a planning constraint. The ultimate objective of the operations is to eliminate the risk to a man and the environment and to prevent the dispersion of pollution, that is to restore multifunctionality in the shortest possible time. Soil multifunctionality requires that the soil on the site after sanitation should pose no harm to humans, animals or plants, regardless of the use of the site, the type of soil, the type of pollutants and the local sit- uation. This is a very demanding objective, totally driven by environ- mental quality considerations. There is, however, a growing aware- ness that other criteria should be included when assessing remediation 164 strategies. One of the reasons is that the costs involved in multifunc- tional operations are no longer political defendable. There is also a growing recognition that clean-up operations do not necessarily lead to a positive environmental balance. Soil remediation requires the use of resources (like energy and clean water) and may lead to a net trans- fer of contamination to other compartments (for instance, due to air emissions). Therefore, the single perspective implied by the multi- functionality may result into an approach which disregards many rele- vant concerns for soil remediation. жүктеу/скачать 0.91 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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