Grammar 5. Translate the sentences paying attention to the forms and the functions of Participle I, II

1. A city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a city.

2. Local officials holding this post are sometimes referred to as the chief executive officer.

3. The term "city manager" implies more discretion as opposed to duties being assigned by a single superior such as a mayor.

A city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a city in a council-manager form of city government. Local officials holding this post are sometimes referred to as the chief executive officer (CEO) or chief administrative officer (CAO) in some municipalities. However, in a technical sense, the term "city manager" as opposed to CAO implies more discretion and independent authority that is set forth in a charter or some other body of law, as opposed to duties being assigned on a varying basis by a single superior such as a mayor.

Most sources trace the first city manager to Staunton, Virginia in 1908. Some of the other cities that were among the first to employ a manager were Sumter, South Carolina (1912) and Dayton, Ohio (1914). The city manager, operating under the council-manager government form, was created in part to remove city government from the power of the political parties, and place management of the city into the hands of an outside expert who was usually a business manager or engineer, with the hope that the city manager would remain neutral to city politics.
7. Review the terminology of the text:

представитель городской администрации, главное административное должностное лицо, внешний эксперт, совокупность правовых норм, представитель городской администрации, модель управления "совет-управляющий", самостоятельный орган, взятый в отдельности руководитель, свобода действий.

1. What is a job title of an administrative manager in a council-manager form of city government?

2. What is the other name for a city manager?

3. What post implies more discretion and independent authority?

4. What was the reason to create a post of a city manager?

5. What major do city managers usually obtain?

1. A city manager is an administrative manager of a city in … .

2. A city manager, as opposed to CAO, has more discretion and … .

3. The duties of chief executive officer (CEO) or chief administrative officer are assigned by a single … .

4. The first cities to employ a manager were … .

5. The reason to create a post of city manager was to place management into the hands … .

Hampshire ['hæmpʃɪə] – Хэмпшир;

Missouri [mɪ'zuərɪ] – Миссури.

1. Local officials holding this post are sometimes referred to as the chief executive officer.

2. The term "city manager" implies more discretion that is set forth in a charter as opposed to duties being assigned by a single superior.

3. The top appointed official in the city is responsible for the day-to-day administrative operations.

4. Today the typical and preferred background for the beginning municipal manager is a master's degree.
14. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Absolute Participle Construction.

1. A post of a city manager is a post of an administrative manager of a city, it being created in part to remove city government from the power of the political parties.

2. One of the basic roles of a city manager includes supervision of day-to-day operations of all city departments, a professional understanding of city functions is highly important.

3. In the early years of the profession most managers came from the ranks of the engineering professions, today the preferred education for the municipal manager being a master's degree in Public Administration.