Р. П. Мильруд Доктор педагогических наук, профессор кафедры иностранных языков
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- FOCUS ON INFORMATION 1 Skim the text about the research approaches and strategies. Find an appropriate heading for each para- graph.
- Figure 5.1. The research process ‘onion’
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UNIT 5 DECIDING ON THE RESEARCH APPROACH AND CHOOSING A RESEARCH STRATEGY The aims of this unit: • to outline the key assumptions of research philosophies; • to explain major differences between deductive and inductive approaches to research; • to give information on a variety of research strategies; • to analyze the concepts of validity and reliability of research. FOCUS ON INFORMATION 1 Skim the text about the research approaches and strategies. Find an appropriate heading for each para- graph. a. deduction: testing theory b. different research strategies c. research philosophies d. induction: building theory e. layers of the research process ‘onion’ f. using multi-methods g. credibility of research findings h. time perspectives to research designs 1. The issues underlying the choice of data collection methods to answer your research question may be depicted by means of research ‘onion’ consisting of a number of important layers that need to be peeled away. The first of Figure 5.1. The research process ‘onion’ these layers raise the question of the research philosophy you adopt. The second considers your research approach that flows from that philosophy. Third, we examine the research strategy, and the forth layer refers to the time horizons you apply to your research. In the centre of the ‘onion’ is the fifth layer, data collection methods. 2. Your research philosophy depends on your views about the way in which knowledge is developed and judged as being acceptable. Three main philosophical positions in relation to research are positivism, interpretivism and realism. Positivism is the research philosophy that involves working with an observable social reality. The emphasis is on highly structured methodology to facilitate replication, and the end product can be law-like generalizations similar to those produced by the physical and natural scientists. The researcher in this tradition assumes the role of an objective analyst, coolly making interpretations about those data that have been collected. Research philosophy Research approaches Research strategies Time horizons Data collection methods Interpretivism is the research philosophy that requires the researcher to seek to understand the subjective reality and meanings of participants. People may place many different interpretations on the situations in which they find themselves. These different interpretations are likely to affect their actions and the nature of their social interaction with others. In this sense, people not only interact with their environment, they also seek to make sense of it through their interpretation of events and the meanings that they draw from these. In turn their own actions may be seen as being meaningful in the context of these socially constructed interpretations and meanings. The role of the interpretivist is to seek to understand the subjective reality of those that they study in order to be able to make sense of and understand their motives, actions and intentions in a way that is meaningful for these research participants. Realism is based on the belief that a reality exists that is independent of human thoughts and beliefs. Realism is the research philosophy that seeks to understand the existence of an external and objective reality that influences people’s social interpretations and behaviours but which may not be perceptible to them. It recognises that people themselves are not objects to be studied in the style of natural science. 3. The two main approaches to research are deductive and inductive. Deductive approach involves the develop- ment of a theory that is subjected to a rigorous test. As such it is the dominant research approach in the natural sciences. There are five stages through which deductive research will progress: 1) deducing a hypothesis (a testable proposition about the relationship between two or more events or concepts ) from the theory; 2) expressing the hypothesis in operational terms (that is, ones indicating exactly how the variables are to be measured), which propose a relationship between two specific variables; 3) testing this operational hypothesis (this will involve an experiment or some other form of empirical inquiry); 4) examining the specific outcome of the inquiry (it will either tend to confirm the theory or indicate the need for its modification); 5) if necessary, modifying the theory in the light of the findings. There are several important characteristics of the deductive approach. First, there is the search to explain causal жүктеу/скачать 0.69 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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