Сборник упражнений по всем разделам английской грамматики. Упражнения основаны на несложной лексике. Они содержат достаточно материала для запоминания основных грамматических форм и выработки навыков их применения
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— Сообщали, что... | |
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... was considered to ... |
— Считали, что... |
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... was thought to ... |
— Думали, что... |
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... was found to ... |
— Обнаружили, что... |
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... was announced to ... |
— Объявили, что... |
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... was known to ... |
— Было известно, что... |
Упражнение 460
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.
1. Не is said to know all about it. 2. He was said to have known the whole truth about it. 3. Juri Gagarin is known to be the first man in the world to travel into space on the 12th of April, 1961. 4. He is supposed to be a very good film actor. 5. He is believed to be innocent of the crime. 6. Innocent people were announced to have been murdered by terrorists. 7. The terrorist was announced to have been killed by his own bomb. 8. The exhibition of 19th-century French painting is expected to open by the end of next week. 9. Monet's painting is reported to be on exhibition until the end of the month. 10. The President of Russia was reported to speak to the nation on television tonight. 11. The Ameri-
376 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
can astronaut Neil Armstrong is known to be the .first man to walk on the moon in 1969. 12. He is considered to be the richest man in the world. 13. She is said to borrow money but not bother to return it. 14. You are expected to be an obedient and smart boy. 15. The students were supposed to come on time and take part in the marathon. 16. You are supposed to check your change before you leave the cashier. 17. He was expected to pass the mathematics exam. 18. Mother is said to know the right thing to do. 19. Sergei is thought to have a gift for languages. His English is known to be excellent. 20. Anna Mutter is believed to be one of the finest violinists in the world. 21. Leonardo da Vinci is known to be a great Italian painter of the Renaissance. The Mona Lisa is considered to be one of his most famous works. 22. True friends are known to be like diamonds, precions but rare. False friends are said to be like autumn leaves found everywhere.
Упражнение 461
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.
1. Many books are known to be published in our country every year. 2. You are supposed to graduate in four years. 3. Radium is said to be very radioactive. 4. This device was known to have been designed in that laboratory. 5. His invention is considered to be of great importance. 6. The sun is known to represent a mass of compressed gases. 7. The new rocket is reported to go into operation next year. 8. This type of rocket is supposed to have many advantages. 9. For a long time the atom was thought to be indivisible. 10. The helium atom was found to have two electrons. 11. I did not know what I was expected to say to that, so I said
Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) 377
nothing. 12. He was said to be one of the most promising nuclear physicists. 13. He is said to be a good translator. 14. Roberta was known to be an honest and hard-working girl. 15. Clyde was expected to arrive at the weekend. 16. Becky and Tom were supposed to have stayed at the widow Douglas'. 17. The number of the unemployed is reported to be increasing with every year. 18. Many new textbooks are expected to be published soon. 19. The Moscow Underground is said to be the finest in the world. 20. A hare is known to run very fast. 21. The man was seen to take off his coat. 22. The diamond content of the mines in Western Yakutia is said to be in no way inferior to that of the world-famous South African mines. 23. My close friend is known to have learned "Eugene On-egin" by heart. 24. These devices are considered to be very effective.
Упражнение 462
Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя сложное подлежащее.
• E.g. We heard that a car stopped outside the door. A car was heard to stop outside the door. It is believed that the poem was written
by Byron. The poem /s believed to have been written
by Byron.
1. People consider the climate there to be very healthy. 2. It was announced that the Chinese dancers were arriving next week. 3. It is expected that the performance will be a success. 4. It is said that the book is popular with both old and young. 5. It is believed that the poem was written by an unknown soldier. 6. It is supposed that the playwright is work-
378 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) 379
ing at a new comedy. 7. It is reported that the flood has caused much damage to the crops. 8.. It was supposed that the crops would be rich that year. 9. It has been found that this mineral water is very good for the liver. 10. Scientists consider that electricity exists throughout space. 11. It is said that the wea-ther in Europe was exceedingly hot last summer. 12. It was reported that five ships were missing after the battle.
Следующие глаголы в предложениях, содержащих Complex Subject, употребляются в Active Voice:
to seem, to appear, to turn out, to happen
Упражнение 463
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.
1. This work seems to take much time. 2. The operation seemed to be a complicated one. 3. Money just doesn't happen to interest me. 4. In the middle of the lecture Dr. Sommerville happened to pause and look out of the window. 5. From the very first mention of Long John, I was afraid that he might turn out to be the very one-legged sailor whom I had watched for so long at the inn. 6. Clyde seemed to have been thinking of no one else but Sondra since their last meeting. 7. Clyde appeared to have forgotten of his promise to spend his spare evenings with Roberta. 8. She appeared to be an excellent actress. 9. One day a Hare happened to meet a Tortoise. 10. The Tortoise seemed to be moving very slowly. 11. The Hare turned out to be the loser of the race. 12. The apparatus seemed to be in excellent condition. 13. You appear to have found in him something that I have missed. 14. The new meth-
odfl of work appear to be very effective. 15. The percentage of carbon in this steel turned out to be low. 16. Irving turned out to be a long, pale-faced fellow. 17. His office turned out to be in one of the hack streets. 18. He appeared to be an ideal man. 19. She doesn't seem to want to do anything I suggest. 20. He turned out to have no feeling whatever for his nephew. 21. This appeared to amuse the policeman. 22. You can easily get in through the window if the door happens to be locked. 23. The peasants did not seem to see her. 24. The Gadfly seemed to have taken a dislike to Signora Grassini from the time of their first meeting. 25. You don't seem to have done any great thing for yourself by going away. 26. "Jim," he said at last, in a voice that did not seem to belong to him.
Упражнение 464
Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя сложное подлежащее.
• E.g. It appeared that they had lost the way. They appeared to have lost the way.
1. It seems they know all about it. 2. It seems they have heard all about it. 3. It seemed that the discussion was coming to an end. 4. It seems that you don't approve of the idea. 5. It seemed that the house had not been lived in for a long time. 6. It appeared that he was losing patience. 7. It appeared that he had not heard what had been said. 8. It happened that I was present at the opening session. 9. It so happened that I overheard their conversation. 10. It turned out that my prediction was correct. 11. It turned out that the language of the article was quite easy.
380 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) 381
Запомните следующие предложения, содержащие Complex Subject:
Не is likely to win the prize. — Похоже, что он
выиграет приз.
Не is sure to come. — Он обязательно придет.
Упражнение 465
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на словосочетания to be likely to, to be sure to.
1. We most of us want a good many things that we are not likely to get. 2. He is sure to tell me all about this even if I don't ask him. 3. When Sondra said that they were sure to meet again, she saw Clyde's face suddenly brighten. 4. If we go on arguing, we are sure to quarrel. 5. They are sure to acknowledge your talent. 6. He is sure to give us some useful information. 7. The article is likely to appear in the next issue of the journal. 8. Mr. Worthing is sure to be back soon. 9. These two young people are sure to be very good friends. 10. You are sure to be there tomorrow night, aren't you? 11. She is not likely to change her opinion. 12. They were sure to come to an understanding. 13. Don't worry: everything is sure to turn out all right. 14. This new course of treatment is sure to help your grandmother.
Упражнение 466
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное подлежащее.
1. Говорят, что это здание было построено в XVII веке. 2. Предполагают, что заседание закончится в десять часов. 3. Никак не ожидали, что
холодная погода наступит так рано. 4. Оказалось, что мы уже когда-то встречались. 5. Вы, кажется, устали. 6. Условия работы оказались более трудными, чем предполагалось. 7. Вы случайно не знаете этого человека? 8. Книга, которую вы мне дали, оказалась скучной. 9. Новые автобусы оказались очень удобными. 10. Из трех сестер Брон-те Шарлотта считается наиболее талантливой.
-
Как известно, английская писательница Вой-нич жила в течение нескольких лет в Петербурге и изучала русскую литературу. Считают, что русская литература оказала влияние на ее творчество. -
Ваш приятель, кажется, очень интересуется древней историей. 13. Известно, что римляне построили на Британских островах хорошие дороги. 14. Полагают, что поэма „Беовульф" была написана в VIII веке. 15. Вальтер Скотт считается создателем историче-ского романа. 16. Сообщают, что экспедиция достигла места назначения. 17. Я случайно знаю номер его телефона. 18. Он оказался хорошим спортсменом. 19. Он, кажется, пишет новую статью: кажется, он работает над ней уже две недели. 20. Я случайно встретил его в Москве. 21. Полагают, что они знают об этом больше, чем хотят показать. 22. Джим оказался храбрым мальчиком. 23. Рочестер случайно встретил Джейн по дороге домой. 24. Говорят, что он работает над своим изобретением уже несколько лет. 25. Говорят, что эта статья переведена на все языки мира. 26. Вы, кажется, много читали до поступления в университет.
УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ.
СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ ПОСЛЕ "I WISH"
Запомните три типа условных предложений:
Ill
If the weather /s fine, we shall play outside.
If you ring me u&, I shall tell you something.
If the weather were fine, we should play outside.
If you rang me up, I should tell you something.
If the weather had been fine, we should have played outside.
If you had rung me up. I should have told you something.
Если погода будет хорошая, мы будем играть на открытом воздухе.
Если ты мне позвонишь, я тебе кое-что расскажу.
Если бы погода была хорошая (сегодня; завтра), мы бы играли на открытом воздухе.
Если бы ты мне позвонил (сегодня, завтра), я бы тебе кое-что рассказал.
Если бы погода была хорошая (вчера), мы бы играли на открытом воздухе.
Если бы ты мне позвонил (вчера), я бы тебе кое-что рассказал.
Условные предложения 383
Упражнение 467
Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов.
• E.g. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you. If you are free, I shall come to see you. If you were free, I should come to see you. If you had been free, I should have come to
see you. If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad. If I see her, I shall be glad. If I saw her, I should be glad. If I had seen her, I should have been glad.
1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 3. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 4. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If you (not to work) systematically, you (to fail) the exam. 6. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmonic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.
Упражнение 468
Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды, образуя предложения нереального условия:
a) относящиеся к настоящему или будущему
(II тип);
b) относящиеся к прошедшему (III тип).
1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They will all be surprised if I make such a mistake. 3. If he doesn't come in time, shall we have to
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Условные предложения
385
wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be . obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don't come? 8. Will he be very displeased if I don't ring him up?
Упражнение 469
Произнесите вслух все возможные условные предложения I типа, используя подстановочную таблицу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)
|
If I |
live in the south, |
I shall bathe every day. | |
|
|
come home late, |
|
go to bed at once. |
|
|
live in the country, |
|
often go to the wood. |
|
|
go to the wood, |
|
gather many mushrooms. |
|
|
receive his letter, |
|
be very happy. |
|
|
fall ill, |
|
go to the doctor. |
|
|
find my book, |
|
be very glad. |
|
|
lose my money, |
|
be very sorry. |
|
|
see my friend, |
ask his advice. | |
Упражнение 470
Произнесите вслух все возможные условные предложения II типа, используя подстановочную таблицу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)
|
I wish |
in the south |
I should |
bathe every day. |
|
I were |
at home in the country |
|
go to bed. go to the wood. |
|
If I were | |||
|
|
in the wood |
|
gather many mushrooms. |
|
|
at the camp |
|
have a very good time. |
|
|
a scientist |
|
invent a time machine. |
|
|
a composer |
|
write beautiful music. |
|
|
a poet |
|
write beautiful poetry. |
|
|
a writer |
|
write interesting novels. |
|
|
a spaceman |
|
fly to other planets. |
|
|
a sailor |
|
sail to Africa. |
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