Сборник упражнений по всем разделам английской грамматики. Упражнения основаны на несложной лексике. Они содержат достаточно материала для запоминания основных грамматических форм и выработки навыков их применения

Упражнение 513

1. She ... to send a telegram because it was too late to send a letter. 2. They decided that she ... to send them a telegram every tenth day. 3. You ... to learn all the new words for the next lesson. 4. Do you know this man? He ... to be our new teacher of history. 5. Who ... to go to the library to get the new books? — I was, but I couldn't because I ... to finish some work at the language laboratory. 6. It is raining. You ... to put on your raincoat. 7. "The pa­tient ... to stay in bed for a few days," ordered the doctor. 8. The child had stomach trouble and ... to take castor oil. 9. I told her she ... to open the win­dow for a while every day. 10. The agreement was that if Johnny White could not repay the money he had borrowed, then Luke Flint ... to have the right

to sell the land. 11. If I don't ring up before six o'clock, then you ... to go to the concert hall alone and wait for me at the entrance. Is that clear? 12. The planters ... to gather their cotton at once, as they had been warned that heavy rains were ex­pected. 13. I ... to wear glasses as my eyesight is very weak. 14. Johnny White ... to borrow from Luke Flint at a high interest, for there was no one else in the district who lent money. 15. "Cheating is a very nasty thing," said the teacher, "and we ... to get rid of it."

Упражнение 514

1. Вам предстоит выучить это стихотворение к среде. 2. Мне задали выучить это стихотворение к среде. 3. Мне пришлось выучить это стихотворе­ние к среде. 4. Мне придется выучить это стихо­творение к среде. 5. Ему приходится учить это сти­хотворение сегодня, так как он не выучил его вче­ра. 6. Вам не придется учить это стихотворение. 7. Мне не пришлось учить это стихотворение. 8. Так как он выучил это стихотворение вчера, ему не нужно учить его теперь. 9. На этой неделе нам пред­стоит встретиться с выдающимся ученым. 10. Вы­хода не было, и ему пришлось заплатить штраф. 11. Мне было задано написать сочинение о твор­честве Пушкина, а для этого мне пришлось пере­читать некоторые из его произведений, которые я плохо помнил. 12. Мне придется посидеть дома эти дни. Врач говорит, что я не должен никуда выходить, пока температура не будет нормаль­ной. 13. Посидите здесь, пока он занят. Я думаю, вам не придется долго ждать. 14. Спектакль дол­жен был начаться в семь часов. 15. Мы должны

letter: I shall phone them. 9. She cannot buy bread. 10. She need not buy bread. 11. He could not stay there for the night. 12. He need not have stayed there for the night. 13. We could not do all this work. 14. We need not have done all this work. 15. She could not cook such a big dinner. 16. She need not have cooked such a big dinner. 17. They could not write the composition. 18. They need not have written the composition. 19. I could not go to the library. 20. I need not have gone to the li­brary.

NEED NOT — отсутствие необходимости (можно не...)

NEED ...? — надо...?

You need not do it. — можете не делать Need I do it? — надо?

Сравните:

Ты не можешь делать этого. — You cannot do it.

Ты можешь не делать этого. — You need not do it.

Обратите внимание:

You need not have done it. — могли и не делать

(а сделали)

1. You cannot read so many books. 2. You need not read so many books. 3. Nick cannot go to school today. 4. Nick need not go to school today. 5. They cannot translate this article. 6. They need not trans­late this article. 7. My sister cannot write this let­ter: she is very busy. 8. My sister need not write this

• E.g. 1) It is not necessary to go there. You need not go there. 2) It was not necessary to go there. You need not have gone there.

2. 
   Alec ... practise this sound specially, but the oth­er pupils ... not: they all pronounce it properly.
   
3. 
   They ... come any time they like between ten and twelve in the morning, but they ... not come if they don't want to. 4. ... I go there right now? — Yes, you ... . 5. ... we hand in our compositions to­morrow? — No, you ... not, you ... hand them in after Sunday. 6. ... John really do this today? — No, he ... not, he ... do it tomorrow if he likes. 7. You ... not let this cup fall: it ... break. 8. ... I help you
   

1. Peter ... return the book to the library. We all want to read it. 2. Why ... not you understand it? It is so easy. 3. ... we do the exercise at once? — Yes, you ... do it at once. 4. ... you pronounce this sound? 5. You ... not have bought this meat: we have ev­erything for dinner. 6.1... not go out today: it is too cold. 7. ... I take your pen? — Yes, please. 8. We ... not carry the bookcase upstairs: it is too heavy. 9. We ... not carry the bookcase upstairs ourselves: the workers will come and do it. 10. When ... you come to see us? — I ... come only on Sunday. 11. Shall I write a letter to him? — No, you ... not, it is not necessary. 12. ... you cut something with­out a knife? 13. Everything is clear and you ... not go into details now. 14. He ... not drink alcohol when he drives. 15. Don't worry! I ... change a light bulb. 16. By the end of the week I ... have finished writ­ing my book. 17. She ... not call the doctor again unless she feels worse.

в значении предположения

421

Упражнение 520

' Произнесите вслух все возможные предложения, используя приведенные подстановочные таблицы. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.) Переведите каждое предложение на русский язык.

Не	must may might can't		know your sister, be busy, be ill. be tired, be hungry.
Не	must may might can't	be	sleeping, working hard, watching TV. having dinner, playing football.
Не	must may might can't	have	forgotten your address, lost your book, missed the train, caught cold, fallen ill. left the country, sold his piano, bought a car.

Упражнение 521

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальные глаголы must, may, might или can't.

1. 
   Они, должно быть, работают за границей.
   
2. 
   Они, может быть, работают за границей.
   
3. 
   Может быть, они и работают за границей (хотя едва ли).
   
4. 
   Не может быть, что они работают за границей.
   
5. 
   Они, должно быть, работали за границей.
   
6. 
   Они, может быть, работали за границей.
   

7. 
   Может быть, они и работали за границей (хо­тя едва ли).
   
8. 
   Не может быть, что они работали за границей.
   
9. 
   Он, должно быть, на работе.
   

10. 
    Он, должно быть, был на работе.
    
11. 
    Он, может быть, на работе.
    
12. 
    Он, может быть, был на работе.
    
13. 
    Может быть, он и на работе (хотя едва ли).
    
14. 
    Может быть, он и был на работе (хотя едва ли).
    
15. 
    Не может быть, что он на работе.
    
16. 
    Не может быть, что он был на работе.
    

Упражнение 522

Перепишите сначала все предложения, в которых модальный глагол may (might) выражает разрешение, а затем предложения, в которых он выражает пред­положение. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. May I come and see you some day? 2. We asked the teacher if we might use dictionaries. 3. Children may borrow books from the school library. 4. I may show him your reports later. I don't know. 5. Your hair is getting rather thin, sir, may I advise to change your parting¹? 6. Mother, may I have a glass of light beer? 7. I may have wrecked my own life, but I will not let you wreck yours. 8. Justice may be slow, mother, but it comes in the end. 9. He may have written the letter, but the signature is certain­ly not his. 10. It might have been worse.

Упражнение 523

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол may.

• E.g. Possibly you left your book behind. You may have left your book behind.

'parting — пробор

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Модальные глаголы

423

1. Perhaps Nick has left his exercise book at home. 2. Perhaps you left your umbrella in the bus. 3. Perhaps he went to the cafe to wait for us. 4. Per­haps it was Helen who rang you up. 5. Perhaps they came by plane. 6. Perhaps she had a very good Eng­lish teacher. 7. Perhaps it was too cold for the chil­dren to go out. 8. It is possible that he took his chil­dren to the zoo. 9. Possibly they did not see us in the crowd. 10. Perhaps Robert used a dictionary. 11. Possibly Mary misunderstood you. 12. Perhaps Henry waited for us there. 13. Possibly Ann re­turned very late last night. 14. Possibly they have seen the new play.

Упражнение 524

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол may.

1. Perhaps he is at home, but I am not sure he is. 2. It is possible that we studied at the same school, but I don't remember her. 3. Perhaps she was proud of her knowledge, but she never showed it to her classmates. 4. Perhaps there was a chance for him to win the match. 5. Perhaps Peter was as capable as the old workers, but he was given no chance to show his skill. 6. Perhaps they will come home very soon: be ready. 7. Perhaps the question was too dif­ficult for her. 8. Try this delicious drink: perhaps you will like it. 9. Why didn't Nick ring us up? — It is possible that he forgot about it. 10. It is pos­sible that your brother has never heard about this singer. 11. Perhaps she tried to enter the univer­sity, but failed. 12. It is possible that you asked the wrong people, that's why you didn't get the right answer. 13. Perhaps our friends will arrive here to­morrow.

Упражнение 525

Вставьте модальный глагол may или might. Рас­кройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму ин­финитива.

1. ... I (to ask) you to take off your hat? 2. She asked me if she ... (to turn) on the light. 3. I am afraid it ... (not to stop) raining by the morning.

4. 
   Don't scold her: the task ... (to be) too difficult for her, that's why she made rather many mistakes.
   
5. 
   If they don't miss the train, they ... (to arrive) in time. 6. Why isn't he here yet? What has happened? — Oh, he ... (to miss) the train. 7. He ... (to do) very hard work. That's why he looks so tired now. 8. Don't throw the rest of the birthday cake. He ... (to want) it for dessert. 9. It's raining cats and dogs. ... I (to borrow) your umbrella, please? 10. Do you know where I left the car keys? — You ... (to leave) them in the garage. 11. They don't know where the mon­ey has gone. It ... (to steal).
   

Упражнение 526

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол may.

1. Может быть, это неправда. 2. Может быть, он занят. 3. Может быть, они знают. 4. Может быть, он все еще за границей. 5. Может быть, она опоз­дает. 6. Может быть, он сдаст экзамен. 7. Может быть, мы поедем на Волгу. 8. Может быть, она придет завтра. 9. Может быть, я куплю эту книгу в Москве. 10. Возможно, она пришлет нам те­леграмму. 11. Возможно, они забудут принести газету. 12. Может быть, он уже сделал уроки.

13. 
    Может быть, моя сестра уже поговорила с ними.
    
14. 
    Возможно, они уехали за границу. 15. Возмож­но, мой брат забыл позвонить вам. 16. Возможно, она уже купила билеты. 17. Может быть, бабуш-
    

424 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Модальные глаголы

425

ка спит. 18. Может быть, дети играют у реки. 19. Возможно, они сейчас как раз обсуждают этот вопрос. 20. Возможно, они как раз сейчас обеда­ют. 21. Может быть, он сейчас лежит на траве и смотрит на облака.

Упражнение 527

Перепишите сначала все предложения, в которых модальный глагол must выражает долженствование, а затем предложения, в которых он выражает пред­положение. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. You must take a taxi if you want to catch that train. 2. You must tell your mother about it. 3. But she must have seen him! 4. Oh, John, think how she must be suffering! 5. Is she waiting? She must have been waiting for an hour. 6. "Oh, Auntie," he an­swered, "you mustn't talk like that." 7. And remem­ber, you must come and see the baby as soon as you can. 8. You must go home now, Georgie. 9. You must be a fool to think so. 10. The work must have been carried out in secret for quite a long time. 11. The question must be solved before we begin doing any­thing. 12. Mind, you mustn't spend all the money.

Упражнение 528

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол must.

• E.g. Probably I left my textbook in the classroom. I must have left my textbook in the classroom.

1. Probably you left your exercise book at school. 2. Evidently she has left the town. 3. Probably Mike has gone to the teachers' room. 4. Probably Tom and Nick are playing football. 5. Probably Helen has got a bad mark. 6. Evidently they have solved the prob-

lem. 7. Evidently the pupils have finished writing their composition. 8. Obviously he forgot to warn them. 9. Evidently the meeting was cancelled.

10. 
    Evidently he forgot to send them a telegram.
    
11. 
    Evidently there was something wrong with the tape recorder. 12. Probably I left my bag in the can­teen. 13. Probably you left your umbrella in the bus. 14. Probably Mary forgot to call me. 15. Probably mother took my umbrella. 16. Probably I have seen you before: your face is familiar to me.
    

Упражнение 529

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол must.

1. I think it is time for the bell to ring. 2. I am almost sure they have this book in the library. 3. Probably he recognized you by your photo in the papers. 4. He is sure to be in at this time. 5. Of course, she is trying to help you. 6. She is certain to be waiting for you at home. 7. Probably he was al­ready ill. 8. There is little doubt that the first ex­periment failed. 9. No doubt, she knew what she was going to do. 10. I am sure she is fond of the child.

11. 
    They are sure to have taken the wrong turning.
    
12. 
    Probably he was taken there by car.
    

Упражнение 530

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя модальный глагол must.

1. Probably they have changed the school curric­ulum. My granddaughter knows a great deal more than I did when I was her age. 2. It is probably a very difficult rule. 3.1 am sure it is pleasant to spend summer in such a picturesque place. 4. You have prob­ably read books of this author before. 5. I feel sure

426 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Модальные глаголы 427


they are preparing a surprise for us. 6. These old legends were probably composed about a thousand years ago. 7. It is probably nine o'clock now. 8. He is very old. I think he is nearly eighty. 9. It is prob­ably time to go now. 10. You have been absent very long. I am sure you feel hungry. 11. Where are the children? — They are at the river with Nick. I am sure they are having a very good time. 12. He has probably worked very hard to finish his book. 13. She is a very experienced doctor. I am sure she has been working at this hospital for at least fifteen years. 14. Look! Helen's windows are open. I feel sure she is at home. 15. The Smiths have always been great football fans. I am sure they are at the stadium watching the football match.

Упражнение 531

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му инфинитива.

1. She must (to be) mad if she thinks he is going to lend her any more money. 2. They must (to be) upset when they heard the news. 3. You must (to come) and (to visit) us soon. It would be so nice to see you again. 4. It's the third time he's been play­ing the piano today. He must really (to enjoy) it. 5. Oh, look how white and clean everything is! It must (to snow) at night. 6. Oh, you are all in snow, you look like a snowman. It must (to snow) heavily. 7. Look, what huge snowdrifts there are everywhere, and the path is covered with knee-deep snow. It must (to snow) for several hours already. 8. You look fresh! You must (to have) a good sleep at night. 9. You look very tired. You must (to have) a good sleep at night. 10. He knows mathematics much bet­ter than he did last year. He must (to work) a lot in summer. 11. Your mathematics is very poor. You

must (to work) at it in summer. 12. Where is Pe­ter? — Oh, he must (to read) in the library. He is getting ready for a very difficult exam. 13. You must (to study) English for several years already. Your language is very good.

Упражнение 532

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол must.

1. Должно быть, он знает несколько иностран­ных языков. 2. Должно быть, он сейчас работает над своим новым романом. 3. Наверное, они сей­час наслаждаются прекрасной погодой. 4. Навер­ное, она пытается найти старые письма. 5. Веро­ятно, они сейчас любуются красотой южной при­роды. 6. Вероятно, он уже вернулся с юга. 7. На­верное, она потеряла мой адрес. 8. Должно быть, они уже закончили свою работу. 9. Вероятно, он все рассказал на суде. 10. Должно быть, она все приготовила заранее. 11. Должно быть, он еще здесь. 12. Должно быть, они только что пришли. 13. По-видимому, он унес бумаги с собой. 14. Оче­видно, здесь уже кто-то был. 15. Вероятно, они над ним смеются. 16. Должно быть, они тогда жили здесь. 17. Должно быть, идет дождь. 18. Вероят­но, это здесь.

Обратите внимание:

Не had to go. — Ему пришлось уйти.

Не must have gone. — Он, должно быть, ушел.

Упражнение 533

Переведите на русский язык.

1. Не must be trying to find the lost stamp. 2. You must try to find the lost stamp. 3. He must

428 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Модальные глаголы

429

have taken it. 4. Не had to take it. 5. She must be the youngest child in this group. 6. If you want to become a good football player, you must be an all-round athlete. 7. I had to read the letter twice before I understood it. 8. He must have read the letter many times. 9. What must you think of me? 10. They must be talking about us.

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