Сборник упражнений по всем разделам английской грамматики. Упражнения основаны на несложной лексике. Они содержат достаточно материала для запоминания основных грамматических форм и выработки навыков их применения



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You shouldn't have done it. — не следовало де­лать (плохо, что вы это сделали)

Упражнение 552



Прокомментируйте следующие действия, упо­требляя модальные глаголы should, shouldn't или needn't.

• E.g. 1) A boy was impolite to a girl and did not apolo­gize. You should have apologized to the girl.



  1. A pupil did all the exercises in writing even those which were meant for oral practice. You needn't have done all the exercises in writing.

  2. Your aunt is running a temperature. You should consult the doctor.

What will you say to the person who:

1) crossed the street under the red light?

2) doesn't cross the street when the lights are

green?


  1. doesn't want to cross the street by the subway?

  2. doesn't take off his hat when entering a room?

  1. did not help his classmate to clean the class­room?

  1. has a splitting headache?

  2. bought bread which was not necessary?

  3. was not present at the meeting?

  4. sent a telegram which was quite unnecessary?




  1. went out without his coat and caught cold?

  2. apologized for asking you a question?

  3. didn't attend a very important lecture?

  1. got up at six o'clock on Sunday morning, which was not at all necessary?

  1. read till two o'clock in the morning?

  2. copied the whole text into his exercise book?

  3. watered the garden, and it is raining now?

  4. hasn't returned the books to the library?

Сравните:

You should have done it. — следовало сделать (а вы не сделали)

You must have done it. — должно быть, сделали

Упражнение 553



Вставьте модальные глаголы should или must.

1. a) You ... have studied the material thorough­ly. I see you have made no mistakes in the paper, b) You ... have studied the material thorough­ly. Then you would not have made so many mistakes.



442 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Модальные глаголы

443



2. a) She ... have followed the doctor's advice.

She would have recovered by now. b) She ... have followed the doctor's advice. She looks very fine.

3. a) You ... have ignored the instructions of your

tennis coach. That's why you lost the game, b) You ... have followed the instructions of your tennis coach. Then you would have won the game.



  1. a) She ... have forgotten to take her medicine, b) She ... have remembered to take her medi­cine.

  2. a) I... have got on the wrong bus. I cannot rec-

ognize the places we are passing, b) I ... have looked carefully at the number of the bus. Now I must change buses, and I am afraid I shall be late.







Сравните:

(a

1 should have я не сделал)

done it. — следовало сделать




1 had to do it. -

- пришлось сделать (сделал)

Упражнение 554

Вставьте модальные глаголы should или had to. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форту инфинитива.

1. I could not stand that noise any longer. I ... (to go) out and (to tell) them to stop. 2. How can you work in this noise? You ... (to tell) the children to stop. 3. I ... (to take) a taxi, otherwise I should have missed the train. 4. You walked all the way here car­rying this heavy suitcase. You ... (to take) a taxi.

5. They won't be able to buy anything but lemonade on the train. You ... (to give) them some sandwiches at least. 6. Mother was coming to dinner, so I ... (to bake) her favourite cake. 7. You knew I was bring­ing people to dinner. You ... (to bake) a cake. 8. He was out when we came, and we ... (to wait) for over an hour. 9. It was raining hard. We ... (to wear) our raincoats. 10. She is quite an authority. You ... (to ask) her.

Упражнение 555



Вставьте модальные глаголы should или had to. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.

1. Mike isn't here. He ... (to leave) early. 2. The car broke down and they ... (to get) a taxi. 3. You ... (to disconnect) the computer yesterday. There's something wrong with it. You can't send e-mail now. 4. She ... (to go) shopping last Friday because there was nothing in the fridge. 5.1... (to write) this com­position yesterday, but I was too busy as I ... (to translate) a very long text from English. 6. I ... not (to take) my little brother to the evening perform­ance, he was so excited; but I really ... (to do) so, for there was nobody at home to leave him with. 7. You ... (to see) our team play! You have missed a lot. You ... (to go) to the stadium. 8. It was a very important meeting and we ... (to attend) it. That's why we returned home late. 9. He ... (to attend) the lesson: the material which the teacher explained was very difficult, and now it will be impossible for him to write the paper well. 10. Although he felt unwell, he ... (to attend) the lesson, because the teacher ex­plained some very difficult material.
444 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Модальные глаголы

445








Сравните:













1 needn't have done it.

— можно

было

не

делать

(а я сделал)
















1 didn't have to do it. -

— можно

было

не

делать

(я

и не делал)













Упражнение 556

В следующих предложениях часть текста напи­сана по-русски. Напишите предложения полностью по-английски, употребляя модальные глаголы need или to have to.

1. а) Можно было не покупать сахар, and

I didn't go to the shop, b) Why did you go to the shop? Можно было - и не покупать сахар: we have enough of it.

2. а) Мы могли не тревожиться за нее, as we

knew that she was taken very good care of. b) He надо было тревожиться за нас: you see that everything is OK.

3. а) Можно было и не ходить туда, you have

wasted your time. They have phoned us and given us all the instructions, b) Можно было не ходить туда, and we remained at home.

4. а) Мне не надо было идти в библиотеку, as

I had all the books I needed, b) Незачем было ходить в библиотеку: you have only wasted your time. Don't you know that I'll give you all the necessary books?

5. а) Вы могли и не ездить в центр: you could

have bought everything you needed in the local shops, b) Я мог не ездить в центр, as a very good de­partment store had recently opened in our parts, so I went there and bought everything I needed.

6. а) Вы могли и не проверять правописание:

the computer can do all the correcting, b) Я мог не проверять правописание: the com­puter did all the correcting, so it did not take me long to complete my work.

7. а) Я мог не звонить ему, so I went to bed at

once, b) It turned out that я мог и не звонить ему, as he knew everything from his sister.

Упражнение 557

Вставьте модальные глаголы should, need или to have to. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующую­ся форму инфинитива.

1. You ... not (to go) out in this rain; as it is you have a cold in your head. 2. It was Sunday, and we ... not (to go) to school. 3. Everything is all right. You see that you ... not (to worry). 4. You are out of breath. You ... not (to run): you know how bad it is for you. 5. You ... not (to tell) her about it. Now she is sure not to sleep the whole night worrying. 6. You ... not (to go) with her: she knows the way perfectly well. 7. You ... not (to put) so much pep­per in the meat. No one will be able to eat it. 8. You ... not (to give) them any lunch. They can get coffee and sandwiches on the train. 9. We don't accept cred­it cards. — Well, I just ... (to pay) cash, I guess. Oh, I don't have enough cash. I ... (to give) you a cheque. 10. If you see anything unusual you ... (to call) the police. 11. There ... not (to be) any diffi­culty about getting her a visa. 12. You ... not (to tell) him the news; he knew it already. 13. Accord­ing to the label, the orange marmalade ... (to refri­gerate) after opening. 14. I'm not particularly busy. I've got a few things to do but I ... not (to do) them now. 15. You ... not (to be) so impatient with him.
446 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Модальные глаголы

447



Сводные упражнения на модальные глаголы

Упражнение 558

Переведите на русский язык.

  1. Не must have sold his piano.

  2. He may have sold his piano.

  3. He might have sold his piano.

  4. He can't have sold his piano.

  5. He should have sold his piano.

  6. He shouldn't have sold his piano.

  7. He needn't have sold his piano.

  8. He didn't have to sell his piano.

  9. He had to sell his piano. 10. He was to sell his piano.

Упражнение 559

Переведите на английский язык.

  1. Они, должно быть, уехали в Нью-Йорк.

  2. Они, возможно, уехали в Нью-Йорк.

  3. Может быть, они и уехали в Нью-Йорк (хотя едва ли).

  4. Не может быть, что они уехали в Нью-Йорк.

  5. Им следовало уехать в Нью-Йорк (а они не уехали).

  6. Им не следовало уезжать в Нью-Йорк (а они уехали).

  7. Они могли и не уезжать в Нью-Йорк (а они уехали).

  8. Им незачем было уезжать в Нью-Йорк (они и не уехали).

9. Им пришлось уехать в Нью-Йорк.
10. Им предстояло уехать в Нью-Йорк.

Упражнение 560

Вставьте подходящие модальные глаголы (must, can, need).

1. I ... not believe. I failed another test. — But you ... go to more classes and fewer parties. 2. Per­haps we ... meet next week. 3. ... he speak English in childhood? 4. My neighbours ... grow their own vegetables. 5. ... you turn the music down, please. 6. I ... not believe. I am already out of money. — You ... learn not to spend so much. — But I ... not help it, there are just things that I ... to buy. 7. If you want to improve your English, you ... work very hard. 8. ... I take this book? — Certainly, but you ... not give it to anybody. 9. Mother, ... I go to the country tomorrow? — No, you ... not. The doctor says you ... stay at home for a day or two. 10. There is something wrong with your television set. You ... call a repairman. — Oh, we ... not do it! My broth­er ... fix it himself. 11. ... we bring these textbooks every day? — No, you ... not: you ... take them from the library. 12. ... you go to the country with us? — No, I am afraid I ... not: I ... go to the library.

Упражнение 561

Вставьте подходящие модальные глаголы (must, may, can, need, to have to, to be able to).

1. You ... not come to help them tomorrow: the work is done. 2. You ... not change the whole text as the beginning is all right. You ... only rewrite the second part of it. 3. ... you help me now? — I am afraid not: I am in a great hurry. I shall be free in the evening. Come to my place at about eight, and I ... help you. 4. John ... not tell us the rules of the game: we know them. 5. ... I return the book to you on Friday? I am afraid I ... not finish it before. —

448 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Модальные глаголы

449



No, that is too late. You ... bring it to me not later than Wednesday. 6. It is already six o'clock. We ... hurry if we don't want to be late. 7. ... you trans­late this text into English? — I think I .... 8. They spent all the morning on the river bank. Only Ann ... return home as she ... not stay in the sun for such a long time. 9. How do you feel when you ... take a test? — I'm always a little frightened and unhap­py. 10. She ... decorate a room nicely. 11. We ... not afford to pay the bill. 12. He's got a lung problem and he ... go to hospital every two weeks. 13. Ann ... not go to his birthday party yesterday because she ... go to the dentist. 14. You ... take medicine three times a day before meals. You ... not stop taking it until you have finished the bottle. Don't forget. You ... drink water as much as you ... . You ... get up tomorrow if you like. You ... not stay in bed all the time. But you ... not do any work at all. You ... just relax for a few days.

Упражнение 562

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя под­ходящие по смыслу модальные глаголы (can, may, needn't).

1. Вы можете взять эту книгу, если хотите.



  1. Вы можете взять эту книгу: она не тяжелая.

  2. Вы можете и не брать эту книгу. 4. Я не могу взять эту книгу. 5. Подумай только: можно было и не ходить туда. 6. Можешь сразу не соглашать­ся: подумай несколько дней. 7. Можете сегодня туда пойти. 8. Можете сегодня туда не ходить. 9. Можете не переписывать сочинение. 10. Може­те остаться: ведь у вас есть время. 11. Можете остаться, если хотите. 12. Можете не оставаться, если не хотите. 13. Можете не говорить ему об этом. 14. Можете сказать ему об этом. 15. Нам

можно не повторять эти правила: мы их знаем.

16. Можно было и не писать сочинение. 17. Он мог


и не приходить: все было уже сделано.

Упражнение 563

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя под­ходящие по смыслу модальные глаголы (can, can't, may, must, needn't, shouldn't).

1. Ты можешь пойти туда: я не возражаю.



  1. Ты можешь пойти туда: это совсем близко.

  2. Ты не можешь пойти туда: ты не знаешь адре­са. 4. Ты можешь не ходить туда: я могу им по­звонить. 5. Ты не должен идти туда: они очень плохие люди. 6. Ты мог и не ходить туда вчера. 7. Тебе следует пойти туда: они тебя ждут. 8. Тебе следовало пойти туда вчера. 9. Тебе не следовало ходить туда вчера. 10. Она, должно быть, дома сейчас. 11. Она, должно быть, была дома вчера. 12. Мы, может быть, придем к вам завтра. 13. Они, может быть, приходили к нам вчера, но нас не было дома. 14. Он, должно быть, видел этот па­мятник, когда был в вашем городе. 15. Он, может быть, видел этот памятник, когда был в вашем го­роде. 16. Не может быть, что он знает эту картину.

17. Не может быть, что он видел эту картину.

Упражнение 564

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя под­ходящие по смыслу модальные глаголы и выражения (can, can't, may, must, to have to, to be able to),

1. Я должна купить торт сегодня. 2. Мой брат не умеет говорить по-английски. 3. Моя сестра умеет говорить по-немецки. 4. Можно, я посмот­рю вашу фотографию? 5. Вы можете показать мне свою фотографию? 6. Не может быть, что ему со-

15 Ю. Голицынский

450 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Модальные глаголы

451



рок лет: он выглядит гораздо моложе. 7. Не мо­жет быть, что он забыл прийти. Он, должно быть, был очень занят. 8. Мы, может быть, поедем за город, если будет хорошая погода. 9. Если сестра не купит мне кофе, мне придется идти в магазин самой. 10. Я не могу найти свои часы. — Может быть, вы оставили их на работе. — Нет, я не мог­ла оставить их на работе: я никогда не снимаю их с руки. 11. Вы сможете поговорить с ним завтра? 12. Я, должно быть, заблудилась. Вы не можете мне сказать, как пройти к Эрмитажу? 13. Мне пришлось прочесть массу книг, когда я готовилась к докладу. 14. Я не мог вспомнить последние строчки сонета, и мне пришлось звонить своему ДРУГУ-

Контрольное упражнение

  1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

  2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в тре­бующемся времени в Active Voice или в Passive Voice.

  3. Заполните пропуски подходящими модаль­ными глаголами.

  4. Подчеркните ing-форму, являющуюся герун­дием, одной чертой.

  5. Подчеркните ing-форму, являющуюся при­частием, двумя чертами.

Terrorism (to be)... global problem for ... airlines for ... decades. However, although ... security at ... airports always (to be) tight, ... 9/11 attacks (to make) it clear that ... new measures (to be) necessary. As ... result, many new security pro­cedures (to put) into ... place. ... good rule (to be) to

plan ahead and and prepare for ... strictest security policies. Common sense and wise planning (to be) ... keys to ... successful trip.

One of ... most important security measures at... airport (to be) confirming ... identity of ... travellers. This (to do) by checking ... photo ID, such as ... driver's license. If you (to travel) internationally, you (Modal V.) to present your ... passport. Simply taking ... look at ... photo ID (not to be) enough, however. ... high-tech buzzword in ... airport secu­rity today is ... biometrics. ... biometrics essentially, (to mean) checking ... fingerprints, ... retinal scans, and ... facial patterns using ... complex computer systems to determine, if someone (to be) who they (to say) they (to be) — or if they match ... list of ... people ... government (to determine) (Modal V.) be ... potential terrorists.

Here (to be) ... few notes and tips to keep in ... mind for passing carry-on security screening:



  1. Check with your ... air carrier for ... specific check-in times if you (to be) ... carry-on traveller. Remember screening ... lines (to be) longer during ... peak travel time and ... Holidays.

  2. Prepare for security screening, not just your ... carry-on items but your ... check-in luggage and your ... person as well.

  3. Be ready to answer any questions and do not accept items from ... strangers. Keep your ... lugga­ge and ... personal belongings with you at all time.

  4. Any metal item (... buttons, ... zippers, ... hair accessories, etc.) (Modal V.) set off ... metal detec­tors. You (Modal V.) minimize screening time by re­ducing ... number of these ... items on your ... person.




  1. You (Modal V.) carry ... proper identity to indicate any medical metal.

  2. ... shoes (Modal V.) trigger ... alarms. You (Modal V.) be asked to remove your ... shoes.

452 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

  1. Be prepared to open and activate ... carry-on electronic items such as: ... laptops, ... cameras, ... cell phones, etc.

  2. Avoid ... further delay by waiting to lock ... carry-on luggage until you (to pass) through screening areas. Any wrapped packages (Modal V.) be searched, so wait to wrap any gifts or, if possible, pack such items in ... check-in luggage.

  3. Avoid ... additional scrutiny by not carrying ... prohibited items, such as all cutting and punc­turing items, ... flammable liquids and containers under pressure such as ... aerosols, ... matches and ... lighters, ... toy weapons, etc.

All rules and practices regarding security, cany­ons, and other airline/airport practices (to be) subject to change without notice, so it (to be) best to call your ... airline or check with ... airport just be­fore ... departure for ... latest updates.

Фонетические символы, используемые в словаре

Долгие гласные

i:

а:

э:

u:

э:

see

[si:]


park

[ра:к]


port

[po:t]


zoo

[zu:]


girl

[дэ:Ц


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