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Fig. 2. Sample database design and relationships between feature class and
attribute table
Databases are the core object of the GIS systems thanks to the data storage, data manage-
ment, accessibility via web and supported wide range of data types. Databases are being called in
GIS concept as Geodatabase which is including geographic value both raster and vector format and
attribute data inside. Geodatabase constitution can be realized with GIS software tools or any data-
base management software as like Access, MySQL and Oracle. GIS softwares are including data-
Cadastral Parcels
+ Cadastral Parcels Number
+ Cadastral Parcel Location
<>
Soil Classification
+ Soil Classification Ar-
ea
+ Soil Classification
<>
+ Profile Number
+ Profile X Coor.
+ Profile Y Coor.
+ Profile Location
+ Date
+ Project Number
+ Alkalinity
+ Boron
+ Drainage
+ Stoniness
+ Usage Status
+ Rocky
+ Slope
+ Erosion
+ Dry color
+ Wet color
Profile Benchmark
<
table>>
Profile Number
Profile X Coor.
Profile Y Coor.
Profile Location
Date
Project Number
Laboratory number
Depth
Organik Material
Azote
Organic Carbon
Inorganic Carbon
K
P
Pb
Cd
Cr
Cu
Ni
Zn
Hg
Pb
Cd
Cr
Water saturation
CACO
3
Salt
Sand
Clay
Silt
Ca+Mg
Active CACO
3
Profile Benchmark Labora-
tory
<>
+ Sample Point Number
+ Sample Point X Coor.
+ Sample Point Y Coor.
+ Depth
+ pH
+ Salt
+ Lime
+ Sand
+ Silt
+ Clay
+ Structure
+ Ca
+ Mg
+ Na
Sample Point Laboratory
.
<>
Cadastral Parcel Property
+ Cadastral Parcel Number
+ Property Owner Name
+ Property Owner Surname
+ Cadastral Parcel Area
+ Cadastral Parcel Position
+ Soil Classification Area
<>
Sample Points
+ Sample Point Number
<>
Profile Points
+ Profile Point Number
+ Profile Location
base connection tools to retrieve data from distributed database or local database through internet.
Thus, the database support of the GIS software and database functions are being related.
In this study, MySQL database is used to store soil survey data to benefit from MySQL data
management tools with ArcGIS-MySQL integration. Soil survey results being converted from Excel
columns to MySQL tables. Each measured soil survey parameters are imported by considering the
data type into MySQL database.
Soil survey data can be visualized by using any spatial analyze tools in GIS softwares. One
of the commonly used spatial analyze is density maps. Density mapping techniques are using inter-
polation methods to visualize data as raster image format. Density maps can be produced for each
soil survey parameter in study area. In Figure 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d, pH, Salt, P and F density values are
represented.
Density maps can also be produced considering the sample depths. Because of soil survey
examples are being measured in different depths, comparison of the same soil survey data according
to the depths can be visualized. In figure, pH density maps are given in 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-
90 cm depths. In Figure 5a, 5b and 5c, pH values are represented according to the depths.
Fig 4a. Ph values Fig 4b. P values
Fig 4c. F values Fig 4d. Salt values
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a). 0-20 cm b). 20-40 cm c). 40-90 cm
Fig. 5. Visualizing of PH values in different deeps.
Geographical Information Systems are also providing graphical illustrations
with attribute data. Graphics can be used to compare different values or same values with different
time or depth. In Fig. 6, graphical information illustration of pH values are compared according to
the different depth values. The graphic is an illustration of Fig. 5a, 5b, 5c.
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