Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов заочного отделения высших учебных заведений



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Modulus 2

Lesson 11

The Adjective. Degrees of comparison



Группы прилагательных

Качественные

Qualitative



Относительные

Relative


beautiful, clean, clever, cold, fat, hot, kind, warm, old, tall, small, short, tall, big, well-known, new

есть степени сравнения

American, Russian, woolen, golden, middle, left, right, dead, weekly, daily, empty, full, medical

нет степеней сравнения

Degrees of comparison


Степень

Положительная

Positive


Сравнительная

Comparative



Превосходная

Superlative



Форма

Синтетическая

(одно-, двусложные прилагательные) -er,-est



clean

hot

happy

gay

cleaner

hotter

happier

gayer

the cleanest

the hottest

the happiest

the gayest

Аналитическая (многосложные прилагательные)

more, most



comfortable

serious

more comfortable

more serious

the most comfortable

the most serious

Прилагательные angry, clever, common, friendly, gentle, handsome, polite, narrow, cruel, simple, pleasant могут иметь и синтетические, и аналитические формы:

simple— simpler / more simple — the simplest / the most simple

Нерегулярные степени сравнения:

good — better — best

bad — worse — worst

little — less — least

much/many — more — most

В предложении имя прилагательное употребляется в функциях:

1. Определения: A little cat is sitting on the window-sill.

2. Именной части составного именного сказуемого: This problem is very important.

Word building


Образуйте прилагательные-антонимы, используя префиксы с отрицательным значением, и впишите их в таблицу, переведите полученные пары слов:

Model: un- + able = unable

Un-

certain, common, happy, healthy, necessary, real, sure, true




In-

complete, direct, dependent, visible, convenient




Dis-

honest, loyal




Il-

legal, logical




Im-

mobile, polite, possible, proper




Ir-

rational, regular, responsible




Ab-

normal



Practice:


  1. Соедините в пары прилагательные, противоположные по значению и переведите их:

Model: first — last: первый — последний

bad short

healthy rich

high quiet

long low

noisy young

old sweet

poor ill/sick

private weak

sour good

strong public
2. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя парные союзы as…as, not so…as:

Model:

Этот фильм такой же интересный, как тот. — This film as interesting as that one.

Я не такой умный, как ты. — I am not so clever as you./I am not as clever as you.

1. Английский не такой трудный, как русский. 2. Моя работа такая же важная, как твоя. 3. Квартира моих родителей такая же большая, как наша. 4. Новый дом не такой удобный, как старый. 5. Этот диван такой же дорогой, как тот.


3. Задайте вопросы к предложениям и ответьте на них, используя слова в скобках:

Model: This is a white cat. (black) — Is this cat white? No, it is black.

1. This is a good idea (bad). 2. This is a nice animal (). 3. These are small cups (big). 4. This is an expensive shop (cheap). 5. These are thick books (thin). 6. Those are fat men (slim). 7. That is a dark room (light).


4. Образуйте сравнительные степени от следующих прилагательных:

Easy, bad, much, slow, warm, cold, serious, fast, large, young, poor, high, pleasant, light.


5. Работайте с партнером. Расскажите о своем друге, отвечая на вопросы и подбирая противоположные по значению прилагательные:

Is he/she rich or ___poor___? ___He is rich___

Is he/she tall or ___________?

Is he/she heavy or _________?

Is he/she young or _________?

Is he/she handsome or ______?

Is he/she clever or _________?

Is he/she quiet or __________?


6. Прочитайте текст и подчеркните в нем прилагательные:

Berlin’s Best Hotels

Hotel Adlon. This super-luxurious hotel has a stunning interior. Walls and windows in the rooms have excellent sound-proofing.

Four Seasons Hotel. This hotel, one of the top three in Berlin, offers opulent interiors with magnificent flower arrangements and impeccable service.

Berlin Hilton. Its nearness to the Gendarmenmarkt and the amazing choice of restaurants distinguish this hotel. Some of the rooms have gorgeous views.


7. Соедините прилагательные с их определениями:

1) stunning a) very light

2) impeccable b) extremely attractive

3) gorgeous c) highly decorated

4) bright d) very impressive and exciting

5) luxurious e) perfect

6) opulent f) attractive and nice

7) charming g) extremely comfortable.


8. Прочитайте текст и опишите членов семьи Simpson.

Springfield of the Simpson

Have you ever seen «The Simpsons»? Let’s stop laughing and think, isn’t this wonderful cartoon the greatest satire on humanity after Gulliver’s Travels ?

The action takes place in a small American town — Springfield. The residents of the town are mostly fat and stupid — stereotyping an American. The Springfield authorities and police consist of people like Homer. The heads of factories are nasty and crazy like Montgomery Burns.

The Simpsons are a typical American family. It is the American dream, the Simpsons have a house, a car and pets. The family consists of seven people: Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, Maggy, a dog called Little Helper of Santa Claus, and a cat.

Homer Simpson is the brightest of the Americans. He is fat, bald and very stupid. He works at the Burns Springfield Nuclear Power Station. He is a heavy beer-drinker. Homer spends his spare time watching TV on a sofa at home, or in Moe’s Bar; but always with a bottle of beer.

Marge Simpson is Homer’s wife. Of course, she is not as stupid as her husband. She is thin and has a large blue coiffure on her head.

Bart Simpson is Homer’s son. He is at school. Bart tries to show that he is cool and clever, but he isn’t any cleverer than his father.

Lisa Simpson, Homer’s daughter, is very clever. She is at school too. She is the only hope of Springfield but nobody knows it.

Many adventures take place in the cartoon. It gives us an opportunity to see the good and the bad sides of the Simpsons’ characters. So we can see that «The Simpsons» isn’t only a simple cartoon comedy, it’s a parody on the real life of the Americans. It has parallels with real life, and shows American character. That’s why the cartoon is so popular and funny (English. № 14. 2003. P. 13).

Прочитайте и запомните следующие идиомы:


Spick and span — extremely clean and tidy.

Crazy like a fox — seeming crazy but really intelligent.

Full of beans — having a lot of energy.

Broad in the beam — having large hips.

Be a drag — to be boring or difficult.



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