Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов заочного отделения высших учебных заведений

Lesson 25

Verbals: Gerund and Infinitive

Герундий, как глагол

— может определяться наречием и иметь при себе прямое дополнение: I made a good progress in speaking your language;

как существительное

— выполняет в предложении функции существительного, являясь подлежащим (Dancing has already begun), дополнением (I don’t remember hearing this tale before), обстоятельством (She walked on without turning her head), определением (Don’t miss the opportunity of seeing this actor), частью сказуемого (In the night it started raining);

— сочетается с предлогами: I am very tired of riding;

— определяется притяжательными местоимениями и существительными в притяжательном падеже: We don’t approve of John’s buying this house.
ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ: Отглагольное существительное также имеет окончание -ing и по форме сходно с простым герундием, отличие в том, что оно не имеет категории залога и времени, употребляется с артиклем, принимает форму множественного числа, определяется прилагательным, стоящим перед ним или существительным с предлогом of, стоящим после него.
Герундий всегда употребляется после

— глаголов admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, finish, mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall, regret, report, resent, resist, resume, risk, suggest, propose: I finished washing the dishes;

— глаголов с предлогом approve of, be better of, confess to, count on, depend on, give up, insist on, look forward to, object to, keep on, put off, rely on, succeed in, think about, think of, worry about: Bob gave up smoking because of his doctor advice;

— прилагательных с предлогом accustomed to, afraid to, capable of, fond of, intent on, interested in, successful in, tired of: Jean is afraid of getting married now;

— существительных с предлогом choice of, excuse for, intention of, method for/of, possibility of, reason for: There is no reason for leaving this early.
Отрицательная форма: We regret not going to the party last night.
The Infinitive (Инфинитив) — to stop, to go — неличная, неспрягаемая форма глагола. Его признаком служит частица to.

Формы инфинитива

	Active	Passive
Indefinite	to ask to write	to be asked to be written
Continuous	to be asking to be writing
Perfect	to have asked to have written	to have been asked to have been written
Perfect Continuous	to have been asking to have been writing

Инфинитив может выполнять функции:

— подлежащего (It is useless to discuss this question);

— обстоятельства цели (Laws were not made to be broken);

— определения (Forget it. It isn’t worth to worry about);

— дополнения (She had learned to dance at this school);

— части сказуемого (The cabin was not easy to find).

— глаголов afford, agree, arrange, begin, decide, expect, hope, intend, learn, manage, offer, need, plan, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, seem, start, threaten, want, would like/love, would prefer, regret, remember, try, forget, allow, ask, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, reach, tell, want, warn: My sister want to study literature.

— прилагательных anxious, boring, dangerous, hard, eager, easy, good, strange, pleased, prepared, ready, able, usual, common, difficult: It is dangerous to drive in this weather.
Герундий и инфинитив употребляются после:

— глаголов start, begin, continue (без изменения значения)

— после глаголов like, love, hate, prefer с небольшой разницей в значении I like swimming. (в целом) / I like to swim every day when I’m on holiday (в определенной ситуации);

— после глаголов forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try с полным изменением значения:

I’ll never forget meeting Mr. President (Я всегда буду помнить об этом) / I forgot to post Mum’s letter (Мне следовало это сделать, но я не сделал);

I regret to inform you that you’ve failed the test (Мне жаль говорить тебе это) / My sister regrets leaving school (Она сожалеет, что сделала это).

Practice:

1. 
   It is difficult to speak another language well.
   
2. 
   One of my favourite things is to go shopping.
   
3. 
   It is illegal to drive a car when you are 15.
   
4. 
   It is a good idea to talk about things that worry you.
   

He gave up to smoke/smoking.

I don’t want to go/going out tonight. I am too tired.

Don’t forget to lock/locking the door before to go/going to bed.

I must remember to go/going to the dentist on Wednesday.

Everybody helped to clean/cleaning up after the party.

I have finished to decorate/decorating the house.
3. Закончите предложения, выражая свою точку зрения:

1. I’m really interested in … .

2. I’m looking forward to … .

3. … is something that makes me nervous.

4. … is one of my favourite things to do at the weekend.
4. Ответьте на вопросы, пользуясь словами в скобках. Используйте инфинитив в качестве обстоятельства цели, подчеркните его в предложении.

Model: Why do you wear glasses? (show/I/ serious)

I wear glasses to show I am serious.

1. Why did she do to the library? (borrow/some/books)

2. Why did John write the letter? (remind/Ben/about/his/promise)

3. Why is Barbara putting her house on fire? (get/her/insurance)

4. Why are you driving so fast? (arrive/in/my/office/on/time)
5. Закончите предложения, используя слова в скобках. Переведите предложения.

If you want to be successful, you’ll have to get used to……… (work hard).

Nick was soon tired. He was not used……….………the stairs (climbing).

He used to…………………………..…when I spoke (listen attentively).

When I was in the country I got used to……..…….…………(drink milk).

When I was a child, I used to ……………………………(collect stamps).

Прочитайте и запомните следующие идиомы:

Out of here — good-bye; I’m going; I’m leaving.

Pull your leg — to tease or fool someone; to jokingly try to lie to sb.

Shot in the arm — sth that lifts your spirits, energy, and confidence.

Throw a curve — to surprise someone in an unpleasant way; to mislead or lie.

Upper crust — high society; social or financial elite; important people.

жүктеу/скачать 1.19 Mb.

Достарыңызбен бөлісу: