Вестник казнпу им. Абая, серия «Исторические и социально-политические науки», №1(72), 2022 г
жүктеу/скачать 3.48 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
| ВЕСТНИК КазНПУ им. Абая, серия «Исторические и социально-политические науки», №1(72), 2022 г.
149 collected in the resources fund. This relationship is clearly traced in the species classification of the collection documents. As a result of the systematization of the office-work complex of the Council of People’s Commissars, there was a subdivision of documents into organizational and administrative documents, reporting documents, accounting documents, planning documents, reference documents and documents on personnel. Such a grouping of documentary materials from the resources fund of the Council of People’s Commissars helps to outline general methods for sources studying and determine the significance of each of the groups. Let’s consider the documentary materials of the resources fund as a source on the history of economic and political campaigns of the 20-30s of the twentieth century. Among the extraordinary measures of the Soviet totalitarian system, a special place is occupied by the grain and meat procurement campaigns. A large number of documents have been preserved in the fund of the Council of People’s Commissars of the KazASSR, which make it possible to consider with sufficient completeness all aspects of the activities of a government body in this direction. There are protocols, decrees, orders, appeals, circulars and other documentation among them. However, there is no doubt that the protocols of the Council of People’s Commissars of the KazASSR are of great importance among these types of documents as one of the main sources to study the procurement campaign. A large number of summary reports compiled on the basis of the materials of the United State Political Administration (USPA) were collected in the resources fund of the Council of People’s Commissars. Consolidated materials are presented with special summaries, special messages, special references, information summaries and reviews. Information summaries of the USPA were compiled with the aim of informing the highest authorities about the course of economic and political campaigns in the republic. Therefore, summary reports were the most important sources characterizing the progress of the procurement campaign in Kazakhstan. The coverage periods in such consolidated materials could be different - a week, 10 days, a month, a year. The summaries, special messages, special reports collected in the fund are different both in their significance and in the principle of compilation. A separate group of reports is made up of special references, which contain information to get acquaintance on any issue. An example of such a document is the special certificate of the USPA on the progress of grain procurements in the Dzhuvalinsky, Merken and Aulie-Ata districts of the Southern region, compiled as information for the CPC of KASSR on November 28, 1932 [9]. The information reports of the People’s Commissariat of Justice are also of great interest. A characteristic feature of information reports is their frequent periodicity. The frequent periodicity of the reports contributed to a more sensitive response of the leadership to the events taking place in the republic, and this fact is important when using reports as historical sources. Such a feature of the reports should also be noted as the presence of persistent continuing numbering. Thus, in the fund of the Council of People’s Commissars for 1933, we identified information decadal reports with general numbering (No. 1 - No. 6). Informational decadal reports were compiled for 10 days. The complete set of ten-day information reports was not collected in the fund, they are all scattered across different inventories, but despite such scattering of documents, it was possible to reveal that the fund contains an incomplete number of summaries for 1933. One of the most tragic measures of the Soviet totalitarian state against the well-to-do strata of the peasantry was the campaign to eliminate the kulaks and bays as a class, which ended with the final liquidation of the peasant owners and their individual farms. The study provides numerous groups of documents that testify to the purposeful policy of the Soviet government to exterminate the wealthy strata of the nomadic population. The sixth Kazakhstan regional conference of the CPSU (b) supported the slogan “Sovietization of the aul” in its resolution “Soviet construction” on November 15-23, 1927 and summed up the excesses in the aul Soviets in 1927, and also made a decision that “The economic power of the bai and class relations in the aul are still weakly affected by the previous measures”. Therefore, it suggested “to find ways to radically change them, and in particular to destroy the semi-feudal lords and big bais, to allow partial expropriation with sufficient preliminary preparation of this event” [10]. This resolution served as a legislative basis for the liquidation of the largest organizers of the Kazakh traditional economy, which ultimately led to the absolute destruction of the forms of farming that have taken shape for centuries of Kazakh cattle breeders and peasants in general. Fulfilling the directive of the center, the regional party committee in the second half of May 1928 submitted to the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) “Memorandum on the confiscation of means and implements of production from large Bai farms and persons from the former privileged class and clan groups” [11]. One circumstance of the appearance of this document draws attention to itself - it was adopted in pursuance of the decision of the VI regional party conference and the resolution of the Communist Party of Soviet Union Bolsheviks, which identified and outlined the main measures for the elimination of bais as a class. |