IV Перепишите из данных предложений те, где есть герундий; выпишите герундий, определите его функцию в предложении, предложения переведите

1 I saw Peter reading the book.

1 When he was a young boy his greatest interest was painting.

2 Dr. Jackson told Morse that electricity could pass through any length of wire. He met a young man who put some money into the invention.

4 I wonder if you have ever seen him.

5 If I have spare time, I usually go for a walk or read an interesting book.

6 I hate it when people speak so cynically.

Тelegraph, studio, portrait, artist, passenger, electricity, instrument, energy, to concentrate, experiment, moment.

What kind of alphabet did Morse work out?

1 Samuel F. B. Morse (179l - 1872), the invention of the telegraph, was born at Charlestown, Massachusetts. When he was a young boy his

3

greatest interest was painting. On opening a studio in Boston, he became a very successful portrait painter.

3 Morse said that, if electricity could be found in any part of a long wire, if could be used to send messages. He began working out a way to send messages. Art was a thing of the past.

4 Morse's unbounded energy was now concentrated on one thing - to make an instrument that could send massage instantly to any part of the world. If my message goes ten miles without stopping, I can make it go round the world, he thought.

5 Morse had spent more that six years on experiment and research. He was absolutely penniless. At this very moment he met a young man interested in the telegraph, who put some money into the invention. A workable telegraph was finally completed in January, 1938, and intro­duced to the public.

6 But nobody was interested. Only in 1843, Morse got money to start the construction work on the Washington — Baltimore telegraph line. On May 14,1844, the first message ever sent over wires traveled from Wash­ington to Baltimore in one forty-five thousandth of a second.

7 Morse worked out his famous alphabet or code of dots and dashes (a short buzz is called a dot, and long buzz is called a dash) This is the alphabet still used in telegraph systems today.

8 Telegraph lines began to go up all over the world. Morse lived to be over 80 years old and did a good deal of work on the submarine cable so that messages could be telegraphed across the ocean. And so Samuel F.B.

Morse, the well-known painter was the pioneer of the most widely used electrical communication in the world today, and the first man who made practical use of electric current.

Пояснения к тексту:

Wire - провод.

Penniless - без гроша.

Dot - точка.

Dash - тире.


КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 3

Чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 3, необходимо усвоить сле­дующие разделы курса английского языка: 1 Грамматические функции и значения слов it, that, one.

2 Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видо-временных форм Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.

3 Функции глаголов, to be, to have, to do.

4 Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции:

а) подлежащего;

б) составной части сказуемого;

в) дополнения;

г) обстоятельства цели,

д) определения.

5 Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнитель-ных придаточных предложениях.

Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений.

Образец выполнения 1 (к упражнению I)
The students were given me- Студентам дали методические
thodical instructions. указания.
Were given - Past Indefinite Passive от глагола to give.
Образец выполнения 2 (к ynpажнению II)

1 One must know grammar rules. Нужно знать грамматические

правила.

(в функции подлежащего)

(в функции именной части составного сказуемого)

английски.

(в функции дополнения)

4 To know a foreign language Чтобы хорошо знать иностран­ный well you must learn many words. язык, нужно выучить много слов.

5 The device to be tested has been Прибор, который нужно испытать,

to our laboratory. принесли в нашу лаборато­рию.

(в функции определения)

1 In our country the first railway was constructed in the Urals.

2 The work is being done now end soon it will be finished.

3 The experiment had been finished by the end of last month.

4 He has been offered a very interesting job at the institute.

5 The work will have been finished tomorrow by five o'clock.

6 The text will be translated tomorrow.

II Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на рус­ский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one: 1 One must always observe traffic rules. 2 Give me that book please.

3 It is necessary to translate the text without using a dictionary.

4 There is one mistake in your exercise, hut a very bad one.

5 The colour of aluminium is white, that of gold is yellow.

6 Take this piece of metal. It is aluminium. It is light.

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III Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do:

1 He has already seen this film.

2 She is preparing her lessons now.

3 An interesting problem was discussed at the lecture.

4 They had to translate this text without using a dictionary.

1 It is necessary for every specialist to know a foreign language.

2 Our idea was to design a new device.

3 To read English book in the original is not easy.

4 To read well you must know the phonetics of the English language.

5 Many new plants to be built in our country will help to develop our industry.

1 The work I am doing now is very difficult.

2 The man you saw yesterday is my friend's father.

3 I don't think they are busy today.

4 The islands they spoke about are the British Isles.

5 We know London is situated on the Thames.

1 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Island. It lies on the British Isles which are to the West of the continent of Europe. The North Sea and English Channel separate Great Britain from the continent. The Irish Sea separates Great Britain from Ireland. The Atlantic Ocean washes the coun­try in the west. The territory of Great Britain is 242,000 sq.km and the population is over 57,000,000.

2 There are many rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Thames is the busiest and the most important river in England. The climate of Great Britain is mild. The weather is greatly influenced by the wind blowing from the sea.

3 Great Britain is one of the most powerful capitalist countries in Europe. The main branches of industry are shipbuilding, machinebuilding, instrument-making, chemical, textile and others. There are a lot of indus­trial cities in Great Britain such as London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liver­pool, Manchester, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Sheffield. London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom.

4 Great Britain is parliamentary monarchy. According to law the country
is governed by the Parliament consisting of the Queen (or King), the Hou-se of Lords and the House of Commons. At present there are four main po-litical parties in Great Britain: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party and the Liberal Party. The United Kingdom is a member of the European Community (EC), the United Nations Organization (UNO), the North Atlan-tic Treaty Or­ganisation (NATO).
Пояснения к тексту:
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - Соеди­
ненное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии.

to separate — отделять

to influence – влиять.

a branch – отрасль.

Parliamentary monarchy - парламентарная монархия.
The House of Commons - палата общин.
a law – закон.
Географические названия:

Great Britain – Великобритания.

The British Isles - Британские острова.

Ireland – Ирландия.

Wales - Уэльс.

Scotland – Шотландия.

Europe – Европа.

The English Channel - Ла-Манш.

1 This book is often referred to.

2 The work was being done all the day yesterday.

3 The new apparatus had already been installed when the delegation arrived.

4 The new engine is being tested in the laboratory.

5 The letter will have been written by tomorrow evening.

6 The house will be built next year.

II Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на рус­ский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one: 1 I have one small room but a very good one, one can work quietly there.

2 What is it? It is the "Morning Star", a newspaper of the working people of Great Britain. It helps the workers to struggle for their rights.

3 That lecture will give you more information than any book.

4 The climate in the South is different from that in the North.

5 It is not difficult to translate this text because I know all the words.

III Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do:

1 The train is to arrive at 8.

2 We have to use aircraft when we go to distant parts of our country.

3 They will have completed their work by the end of the shift.

4 Yesterday it was raining almost all day long.

5 What did you do yesterday?

6 I was a student two years ago.

IV Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них функцию инфинитива и переведете предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 4):

1 Our homework was to learn the poem by heart.

2 To translate the text you must use a dictionary.

3 To translate the text without a dictionary was difficult.

4 American students want to know more about their native country.

5 The problem to be solved is of great importance for our research.

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V Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите на рус­ский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение (см. об­разец выполнения 5):

1 I think he has made a mistake in his text.

2 The hostel our students live is not far from the Institute.

3 The information we have got about the history of the USA is very inte-r­esting.

4 1 don't think they are busy today.

5 You can take the book you like.

1 The United States of America lies in the central part of the North American continent. It borders on Canada in the north. In the east the USA is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. In the south it borders on Mexico and is washed by the Gulf of Mexico. In the west the USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean. The territory of the USA is about 4.4 million sq. km. The population of the USA is 260 million. Washington D.C. is the capital of the USA. The biggest cities where the population exceeds a million are: New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, De­troit, Philadelphia, Houston and San Francisco.

2 The United States is a country of great contrasts in landscape and cli­mate. There are many rivers and lakes in the country. The USA is rich in mineral resources.

3 The USA is a federal union of 50 states, each of which has its own go­vernment. The seat of the central government is Washington, D.C. There are two main political parties in the country: the Democratic and the Republican.

4 The United States has developed from the English colonies on Atlantic coast of North America. England exploited them in every way, the colonies rebelled and after a long struggle they succeeded in getting their independence. The American colonists were led against Britain by a talented soldier George Washington who became the first president of the United States.

5 The Americans speak the English language. But the language most

of the Americans speak, differs from the kind of English spoken in

Great Britain. Its Grammar and structure are the same but there are differences in phonetics, vocabulary and spelling.

D.C. (the District of Columbia) - округ Колумбия.

Canada – Канада.

Gulf of Mexico - Мексиканский залив.

Chicago – Чикаго.

Los Angeles - Лос-Анжелес.

San Francisco - Сан-Франциско.

George Washington - Джордж Вашингтон.

VII Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы к тексту:

1 What can you say about the landscape and climate of the USA?

2 What did the United States develop from?

3 Who was the first president of the USA?

1 When the work had been completed the results were published in the magazine.

2 These students will be sent to Moscow to take part in the conference.

3 The new power station is being built now in this town.

4 He has been shown her photo.

5 Professor Petrov was being listened to with great attention.

6 He will graduate from the institute next year.

II Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one:

1 My room is very light, that of my brother is not too light, but it is large.

2 One must choose a profession which one likes.

3 A barometer is an instrument that measures air pressure.

4 It is not easy to solve this problem.

5 The system of the London underground is a complicated one.

6 What it is? – It is a picture.
III Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do:

1 Professor Ivanov was to deliver a lecture at the club.

2 I have been to Kiev this summer.

3 Students will have to take four examinations.

4 I don’t know where they live.

5 My favourite occupation is reading.

6 Our institute has five faculties.
IV Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них функцию инфинитива и переведите предложения на русский язык ( см. образец выполнения 4):

1 They promised to give us the necessary information.

2 To design new houses is the work of an architect.

3 To understand the importance of this event you must know all the facts.

4 The problem is to raise the standards of people’s culture.

5 The students had many textbooks to read.

1 The country I am speaking about is Canada.

2 The Thames London is situated on is the largest in England.

3 He says he will do the work by Friday.

4 Where is the book I have given to you?

5 They think winter is very cold in Canada..

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VI Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 4 и 5-й абзацы текста.

1 Canada is situated on the North American continent. The coast of Canada is washed by the Arctic Ocean in the north, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west. In the south Canada borders on the USA. The territory of Canada is about 10 million sq.km. It is the second largest country in the world.

2 Almost 90% of Canada, lying norht of 50⁰ N, has arctic and subarctic climatic conditions. Summer temperatures in some areas are rather high, but winters are very cold, lasting from seven months in the south to over eleven months in the north.

3 Railways are known to be the main form of transport in Canada, because they can provide all-weather transportation over great distances. The overall length of railway lines is about 60,000 miles. In general, the popu­lated areas are well supplied with roads and highways.

4 Canada was discovered in 1497 by the Italian-born John Cabot, who led an English expedition to "a new found land" (Newfoundland). Now its population is about 26.5 million. The capital of Canada is Ot­tawa. Other large cities are Montreal, Quebec , Toronto, and Vancouver. Despite its small population Canada is a great industrial country.

5 Canada is often called a bilingual country. The population speaks both English and French. About 20% of the people speak only French and about 67% speak only English. Canadians speak and write English similar to the English language spoken in England and the USA, but there are traces of French, Indian and Eskimo words in it.

Пояснение к тексту:

Norht of 50⁰N – к северу от 50⁰ северной широты.

Overall – общий, полный.

Italian-born – уроженец Италии.

Despite – несмотря на.

Bilingual – двуязычный.

Similar – подобный, похожий.

A trace – след.

To discover – открывать, обнаруживать.
Географические названия:

The Arctic Ocean - Северный Ледовитый океан.

Baffin Bay- Баффинов залив.

Davis Strait - пролив Девиса.

The Pacific Ocean - Тихий океан.

Jon Cabot - Джон Кабот_.

Newfoundland - о-в Ньюфаундленд.

Ottawa - Оттава .

Montreal – Монреаль.
Quеbес – Квебек.
Vancouver – Ванкувер.

Вариант 4

I Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом и них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см.образец выполнения 1). Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1 Не has built a garage for his new car.

2 I have just been asked some questions.

3 New hydroelectric stations are being built in Siberia.

4 This text will be translated at the lesson.

5 He was being told the news when I entered the room.

6 By that time her plans had already been changed.
II Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на рус­ский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one:

1 The gauge (ширина колеи) on Russian Railways is wider than that in the European countries.

2 When it is dark we must switch the lights on.

3 This machine is more powerful than the one we installed in our laboratory.

4 We know that aluminium is widely used in industry.

5 One never knows what he can do.

6 As the experiment was very interesting many people watched it.


III Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do:

1 They have carried out the plan successfully.

2 The plan has to be carried out.

3 The plan was to be carried out by a group of specially trained people.

4 The information we have is very important.
5 We didn't know anything about them.

6 They were in Moscow two years ago.

1 То develop national economy the people must use the natural resources of the country most efficiently.

2 To develop national economy is a very complicated task.

3 We decided to develop a new method of teaching foreign languages.

4 Our aim is to develop new methods of teaching foreign languages.

5 The student to make a report is from Canada.

1 Mathematics is the subject I like most.

2 The doctor says she is seriously ill.

3 The discovery this scientist has made is of great importance.

4 I didn't know he had left Minsk.

5 The film we saw yesterday was very interesting.