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Вестник ПГУ, ISSN 1811-1831
Серия Педагогическая № 1. 2018
ПМУ
Хабаршысы, ISSN 1811-1831
Педагогикалық сериясы № 1. 2018
of science and education focus on preservation of biosphere, nature in General (Earth
and Space), providing favorable environmental conditions and shipping of material and
energy resources. All this suggests that as the greening of education and professional
environmental education should be formulated in such a way as to ensure the priority
of environmental security and sustainable development [1].
ОСНОВНАЯ ЧАСТЬ
Currently, the concept of development of the system of postgraduate professional
education includes a range of ideas and a list of measures, defining the strategy of
transition of a system of training and retraining of teachers in new integrative quality. If
in previous decades the training system traditionally performed compensatory functions
(elimination of gaps in previous training teachers), as well as adaptive functions
(operational adaptation of teachers to various kinds of changes in the content or
teaching methods), it is currently to the fore starts to move in a developing function
after graduation education. In new conditions the teacher should be able to master not
only new, but also to actively participate in the development of modern educational
process. According to American economists, is updated annually 5 % of theoretical
and 20 % of professional knowledge, which should be taken by engineers, doctors,
biologists, teachers, etc. specialists. In the United States even established a kind of unit
obsolescence of professional knowledge – «the half-life of competence». This term
refers to the length of time (since graduation), when the emergence of new scientific and
technical information competence of specialists decreases by 50 %. In recent decades,
this period is rapidly closing. So, if 50 % of the «obsolescence» of knowledge engineer-a
graduate of 1940 were advancing through 12 years, for graduates of 1960 – in 8 years,
but for today’s graduates – 5 years; 4 years is «a half-life of competence» physicians,
biologists, teachers, managers. For teachers of ecology, this indicator, according to our
rough calculations, is 2.5–3 years. Thus, the constant acquisition of new knowledge
becomes a continuous maintaining of knowledge and skills.In the process of testing
developed by the authors is a variant of the model of regional system of continuous
ecological education. As systemically important factors in the creation of the model
are the stages and organizational forms of realization of continuous environmental
education.At the stage of postgraduate education (the object of our study) can be
identified 2 areas of professional education:Vocational education in the framework
of master’s and doctoral; Professional education within the system of professional
development. The main purpose of the first direction (master, PhD) professional
education for environmentalists and the greening of the main types of postgraduate
professional education – the development of ecological culture of the researcher.
The task of the first direction are:
– Development of abilities and skills of ecologists to conduct research-based
system of understanding and application of the laws of interaction between man, nature
and society;
– Development of abilities and skills of candidates for all other profiles predict the
environmental consequences of design decisions; education of moral prohibitions on
the development and implementation of technologies that violate the requirements of
rational nature management and environmental protection that harm the environment
or humans.
The second area of professional education has its own specific features.
Environmental adult education is at the present stage of particular importance.
On the one hand, in their hands the machinery and intensive technologies, the whole
enormous power which may be available to the people as ignorant, incompetent,
indifferent, immoral, which can lead to unpredictable consequences. On the other – it
was the adults who educate a new generation of people. Education of children begins to
copy the actions of adults, the formation of ecological culture occurs through the transfer
of knowledge, experience and values from generation to generation, from person to
person. Therefore, it is necessary to use all possible means to understand the culture of
the people as a whole, to guide the education of adults, especially in the formation of
moral values, an awareness of their role in creating a harmonious relationship between
society and the environment, by instilling a sense of responsibility for their children’s
future, for what happens in their immediate habitat, but also throughout the world.
The main objective – continuous increase of ecological culture and environmental
competence of teachers, teachers in connection with the constant increase of
environmental educational standards.For the system of postgraduate vocational teacher
training is the necessary dilution of the concepts of «professional development in
environmental education of pupils» and «teachers’ training in the specialty «ecology»
specialization «teacher of ecolog». In the first direction can be divided into three aspects:
Environmental training of teachers in all specialties and specializations as an element
of General cultural training.Environmental training as an element of the professional
preparation of teachers for teaching ecologizing courses (chemistry, physics, biology,
history, technology) within a multi-disciplinary and mixed models for environmental
education.Improving the level of environmental training (professional development) of
teachers who received specialization – teacher of ecology, ie, having a basic vocational
environmental education (this area of pedagogical practice currently only beginning
to develop.
The second direction has two aspects:
1 Retraining of teachers with the basic pedagogic science education (teacher of
geography, biology, physics.) in the second specialty – ecology (qualification – the
teacher of ecology).