Большая библиография 50 Years of Army Computing: From eniac to msrc
Prokhorov S. P. Computers in Russia: Science, Education, and Industry // AHC, Vol. 21, №. 3, July-September 1999. P. 4-15
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Prokhorov S. P. Computers in Russia: Science, Education, and Industry // AHC, Vol. 21, №. 3, July-September 1999. P. 4-15.Puchta S. On the Role of Mathematics and Mathematical Knowledge in the Invention of Vannevar Bushs Early Analog Computers // AHC, vol. 18, 1996, № 4. P. 49-59. Pugh E. W. Memories that Shaped an Industry: Decisions Leading to IBM System/360. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1984. 335 p. Pugh E. W. Building IBM: Shaping an Industry and Its Technology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1995. 432 p. Building IBM tells the story of that company - how it was formed, how it grew, and how it shaped and dominated the information processing industry. Emerson Pugh presents substantial new material about the company in the period before 1945 as well as a new interpretation of the postwar era. Granted unrestricted access to IBM's archival records and with no constraints on the way he chose to treat the information they contained, Pugh dispels many widely held myths about IBM and its leaders and provides new insights on the origins and development of the computer industry. Pugh begins the story with Herman Hollerith's invention of punched-card machines used for tabulating the U.S. Census of 1890, showing how Hollerith's inventions and the business he established provided the primary basis for IBM. He tells why Hollerith merged his company in 1911 with two other companies to create the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, which changed its name in 1924 to International Business Machines. Thomas J. Watson, who was hired in 1914 to manage the merged companies, exhibited remarkable technological insight and leadership - in addition to his widely heralded salesmanship - to build Hollerith's business into a virtual monopoly of the rapidly growing punched-card equipment business. The fascinating inside story of the transfer of authority from the senior Watson to his older son, Thomas J. Watson Jr., and the company's rapid domination of the computer industry occupy the latter half of the book. In two final chapters, Pugh examines conditions and events of the 1970s and 1980s and identifies the underlying causes of the severe problems IBM experienced in the 1990s. Pugh E. W., Johnson L. R., Palmer J. H. IBMs 360 and Early 370 Systems. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1991. 844 p. Pugh E. W., Aspray W. Creating the Computer Industry // AHC, Vol. 18, № 2, Summer 1996. P. 7-17. Pullan J. M. The History of the Abacus. London: Hutchinson, 1968. 127 p. Ramunni G. Louis Couffignal, 1902-1966: Informatics Pioneer in France? // AHC, Vol. 11, № 4, Winter 1989. P. 247-256. Randell B. Ludgates analytical machine of 1909 // The Computer Journal, vol. 14, № 3, 1971. P. 317-326. Randell B. On Alan Turing and the Origins of Digital Computers / Machine Intelligence, vol. 7 (B. Meltzer and D. Michie, Eds.). Edinburgh, Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1972. P. 3-20. Randell B. An Annotated Bibliography on the Origins of Computers // AHC, Vol. 1, № 2, October 1979. P. 101-207. Randell B. The Colossus / A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century (N. Metropolis, J. Howlett and G. C. Rota, Eds.), N.-Y.: Academic Press, 1980. P. 47-92. Randell B. From Analitical Engine to Electronic Digital Computer: The Contributions of Ludgate, Torres, and Bush // AHC, vol. 4, 1982, № 4. P. 327-341. Randell B., ed. The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers, 3rd ed. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1982. 580 p. Randell B. A Mysterious Advertisement // AHC, Vol. 5, № 1, January-March 1983. P. 60-63. Randell B. The Origins of Computer Programming // AHC, vol. 16, № 4, Winter 1994. P. 6-14. Rao T. R. N., Subhash K. Computing in Ancient India. Lafayette, LA: Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Southwestern Lousiana, 1998. 109 p. Rector R. W. Personal Recollections on the First Quarter-Century of AFIPS // AHC, Vol. 8, № 3, July-September 1986. P. 261-269. Redmond K. C. Project Whirlwind: The History of a Pioneer Computer. Digital Press, 1980. 280 p. Redmond K. C., Smith T. M. From Whirlwind to MITRE. The R & D Story of the SAGE Air Defense Computer. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2000. 547 p. Rees M. The Computing Program of the Office of Naval Research, 1946-1953 // AHC, Vol. 4, № 2, April-June 1982. P. 102-120. Rees M. The Federal Computing Machine Program // AHC, Vol. 7, № 2, April-June 1985. P. 156-163. Reese M. 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Rink E. Jacob Leupold and his “Theatrum machinarum” // Library Chronical, vol. 38, 1972. P. 123-135. Riordan M. The Lost History of the Transistor // IEEE Spectrum, May 2004. P. 44-49. Riordan M., Hoddeson L. The origins of the pn junction // IEEE Spectrum, June 1997. P. 46-51.
Ritchie develops his argument by looking at computers and advances in computing that date from the Second World War – British machines with colloquial names, built especially for codebreaking, that have since become legendary such as the Bombe, Heath Robinson and the Collossus. He also discusses other computers built from the 1930s to the 1950s, which although not especially built for the war effort, were spurred on by the same technological developments of the time. These include the Harvard Marks I, II & III, the ABC, and ENIAC and its descendents. By so doing, Ritchie gives us a sense of the excitement present in this era in computing, and of the great leaps of faith required to couple new technology with old ideas and problems. The Computer Pioneers begins with a brief overview of the work of Babbage, Leibniz and Kelvin, jumps from there to the “Hollerith tabulator” of the 1880s, and from there to the work of Vannevar Bush (famous later for his idea of the Memex) and Bush’s tackling of Kelvin’s unfinished problems. Ritchie then goes on to the war years, and ends with a description of EDVAC and IAS, IBM projects of the late 1940s and ‘50s. Although his depictions of the machines are fascinating and easy to digest, Ritchie puts most of his emphasis on the people involved, describing not only their ideas but their personalities and physical appearances. Bush, for instance, “wore spectacles perched on a long and bony nose and resembled a beardless Uncle Sam” (23). This makes for compelling and fast reading, although I occasionally wished for more technical description. One nice feature is the “appendix of machines” that Ritchie includes in the back of the book; this is a list of 17 of the early machines and brief descriptions of them. Although The Computer Pioneers is almost two decades old, since it ends its account in the 1950s it remains accurate (except for the comparisons of early machines to “modern home computers”)
The Encyclopedia of Computers and Computer History provides a complete A-to-Z reference guide to computers, their development, and their usage in today's world. Beginning with "Abacus," this two-volume set provides over 900 pages of facts, definitions, biographies, histories, and explanations of a remarkable variety of computer-related subjects. The Encyclopedia's 600 entries--many of which represent the first reference treatment of their subjects--address the diverse topics that form the backbone of the information revolution. Entries include essays on major corporations, computing machines, software, networking, computing concepts, research, laboratories, and pioneering individuals in computing history. In addition to these essays, each entry is also followed by a helpful list of further reading on that subject. Contributors to the Encyclopedia represent a wide cross-section of accomplished scholars in the fields of computer science and scientific history. Their informative, accessible essays enable readers to learn about computer history in a non-intimidating way. An invaluable addition to any library collection, the Encyclopedia of Computers and Computer History is an indispensable resource for undergraduates, graduate students, and anybody with an interest in, or question about, computers.
In 1954, engineers at Philco Corporation invented the surface barrier transistor, the first transistor suitable for use in high-speed computers. Philco set up a computer activity - eventually a computer division - and in 1957 introduced the Philco Transac S-2000, the first largescale, transistorized scientific computer system offered as a product by a computer manufacturer. In the spring of 1958, I was hired by Philco to organize a programming systems department to provide software support for the new computer system. This article presents part of the history of the Philco computer effort from one participant’s point of view. Despite a number of successful installations, the Philco computer division lacked adequate resources to remain competitive in an area dominated by IBM, and Philco withdrew from the general-purpose computer field in 1965.
Great pictures, companion volume to Russo's typewriter guide. There are timelines, historical sections, and chapters covering adding machines, slide rules, and so on. Quite informative.
Использование десятичных дробей у аль-Уклидиси.
Главы с IV по IX содержат исторический очерк и характеристику около 120 основных языков программирования, созданных к концу 1967 года с учетом их классификации: языки для вычислительных целей, для коммерческих применений, для обработки строк и списков, универсальные языки, специализированные языки и др.
The history of the notion of the liberal arts, particularly in the middle ages. The role of arithmetic (computational and theoretical). The abacus of Gerbert. The computation of Easter. The influence of the Arabic texts. Different attitudes towards arithmetic at different times and in different places. An excellent introduction to the mathematics of the middle ages, though of course it omits much on topics such as geometry and astronomy.
An unusual circular slide rule invented by Walter Hart of New York in 1888.
This compilation contains 35 contributions published in the journal Cryptologia from 1987 to 1996. For the most part, "the articles are of a high standard." However, some of the reminiscences ramble on, and add little to our knowledge.
Самая полная биография выдающегося изобретателя и политика XVIII в., написанная на основе документов из фамильного архива.
Переиздание London, Published for the Early English Text Society: Oxford University Press, 1922. Reprinted, (New York: Kraus, 1973). Contains: The crafte of nombrynge, a translation and amplification of one of the glosses on the De algorismo of Alexander de Villa Dei (Egerton ms. 2622) - The art of nombryng, a translation of John of Holywood's De arte numerandi (Ashmole ms. 396, fol. 48) - Accomptynge by counters, reprinted from the 1543 edition of Robert Record's Arithmetic, printed by R. Wolfe. - Appendix I. A treatise on the numeration of algorism (From a 14th century ms.) II. Carmen de algorismo, by Alexander de Villa Dei
The BINAC, short for Binary Automatic Computer, was developed by John Presper Eckert, Jr. and John William Mauchly during the years 1947-1949 under a contract with the Northrop Aircraft Corporation. It became the first operational stored program computer completed in the United States. This paper provides an historical analysis of the BINAC and the issues relating to its development. It also considers factors relating to the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation and its ultimate acquisition by Remington Rand.
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