Государственное
ICING PREVIEW Describe the picture using the questions below
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- Ex. 2. Read the occurrence description.
ICINGPREVIEW Describe the picture using the questions below.Where is the plane? Do you know what aircraft type it is? What season is it? Try to assume the weather conditions. What do you think has happened to the plane? Why did the crew have to make the emergency landing? Do you believe there are any survivors? What damage has the aircraft sustained? VOCABULARY AND READING Ex. 1. Before reading the occurrence description study the following word list. Listen to and repeat the words and sample sentences.respond (v) (to sth / sb) реагировать, отвечать e.g. How did they respond to the news? throttle down / back (v) уменьшить газ e.g. Due to engine vibration the crew had to throttle down. simultaneously (adv) одновременно e.g. Both engines failed simultaneously. pitch an a/c down (v) пикировать e.g. The pilots pitched the aircraft down to avoid the danger of collision. stall (n, v) сваливание ВС, сваливаться (на крыло) e.g. The right wing stalled, the aircraft rolled to a bank of 90 degrees and pitched down. apparently (adv) 1) вероятно, предположительно; 2) очевидно, несомненно e.g. In the final stage of the flight, the crew appar- ently lost their spatial orientation. fail to do sth (v) не суметь что-либо сделать e.g. They failed to restart the engine. imminent (adj) надвигающийся, неизбежный, неминуемый e.g. In spite of the imminent crash landing the crew remained calm and self-controlled. brace position специальное положение (поза), которую при- нимают по инструкции бортпроводников пас- сажиры во время аварийной посадки e.g. Before the emergency landing the cabin attendants told the passengers to adopt the "brace for impact" position, which later saved their lives. contributory cause (of the accident) (in)sufficient (for sb / sth) (adj) restore an engine opera- tion сопутствующая причина (аварии) e.g. Snowy and icy conditions are frequent contributory causes of airline accidents. (не)достаточный e.g. The pilot’s level of English was insufficient for ef- fective communication with the ATC controllers. восстановить работу двигателя e.g. The crew attempted to restore the engine oper- ation but with no success. surge (n, v) 1) помпаж; 2) помпажировать, глохнуть, работать в кри- тическом режиме e.g. The ingestion of foreign objects into an engine can lead to its surge. The engine surged because of the airflow disruption caused by a foreign object and damage to the blades. re-evaluate (v) оценивать по-новому, давать новую оценку e.g. They needed to re-evaluate the effectiveness of de-icing procedures. ATR (Automatic Thrust Restoration) автоматическое восстановление тяги e.g. ATR is a system that in case of engine failure automatically increases the thrust on the other en- gine. Ex. 2. Read the occurrence description.Gottröra CrashScandinavian Airlines Flight 751, a McDonnell Douglas MD-81 with 122 pas- sengers on board, took off from Stockholm-Arlanda Airport, Sweden, in the early morning of December 27, 1991 and was headed to Warsaw, Poland through Copenhagen, Denmark. After 25 seconds of flight, noise and vibrations from the engines were first noticed. The flight crew responded by throttling down, but an automatic system simultaneously increased throttle as a response to increasing altitude. 39 seconds later problems with the other engine began, and finally both engines failed at 76 and 78 seconds into the flight, at 980 meters of altitude. A No. 1 engine fire warn- ing made the crew activate the fire extinguishing system. The pilot responded to the engine loss by pitching the aircraft down before levelling it, to try and make the aircraft glide the longest possible distance without stalling. The pilots requested a return to Arlanda and attempted the restart procedure, but with the plane breaking through the cloud cover at 270 meters, the pilot chose an opening in the forest near Gottröra for the immediate emergency landing. The wheels were selected down and Stockholm control was informed of the imminent crash-landing. The plane hit the trees before touching down, losing a large part of the right wing, then struck ground tail-first and slid along the ground for 110 m. The fuselage was broken into three pieces, but there was no fire. 25 people were injured, two of them seriously. Nobody died in the accident, which is known in Sweden as the "Gottröra crash". One of the reasons for the lack of fatalities was the passengers’ "brace position". It was found out later that the crash had been caused by ice from the wings which had entered both rear-mounted engines, known as "foreign object damage". Apparently the maintenance crew had failed to notice the ice, which had formed during the night before when temperature decreased below freezing point. Another contributory cause of the accident was insufficient training of the crew for this particular aircraft: they were not informed about an automatic thrust system (ATR for "Automatic Thrust Restoration"), and they were not trained in restoring engine operation after they repeatedly surged. The reason they were not informed was that McDonnell Douglas had not informed SAS that the ATR system was installed. After the Gottröra accident, airports and airlines operating in cold regions had to re-evaluate and modify their de-icing procedures. жүктеу/скачать 1.29 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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