Ex. 1. Read the following information that might be of interest

Ex. 2. Answer the questions.

1. 
   How can a bird activity endanger flight safety?
   
2. 
   Is it true that large aircraft are built to withstand all bird strikes and birds are not a serious hazard to them?
   
3. 
   Do bird strikes occur at high altitudes?
   
4. 
   What species of birds are most often involved in such incidents?
   
5. 
   Why is a bird ingestion dangerous? What can it lead to?
   
6. 
   What can be done to prevent such incidents during take-off and landing?
   
7. 
   Have you ever encountered flock of birds in your practice? What happened?
   

Ex. 3. Read the following information using a dictionary. Compare your answers to the questions in the previous exercise with it.

Bird Strike

Bird strikes happen most often during take-off or landing, or during low altitude flight. However, bird strikes have also been reported at high altitudes, some as high as 6,000 to 9,000 meters above the ground. The majority of bird collisions occur near or on airports (90 %, according to the ICAO) during take- off, landing and associated phases.
The point of impact is usually any forward-facing edge of the aircraft such as a wing leading edge, nose cone, jet engine cowling or engine inlet.
Jet engine ingestion is extremely serious due to the rotation speed of the engine fan and engine design. Jet engines are particularly vulnerable during the take-off phase when the engine is turning at a very high speed and the plane is at a low altitude where birds are more commonly found.
Bird strikes can damage aircraft components, or injure passengers. Flocks of birds are especially dangerous, and can lead to multiple strikes, and damage. Depending on the damage, aircraft at low altitudes or during take-off and landing often cannot recover in time, and thus crash.
There are a number of effective techniques that can reduce the number of birds in the airport area. In general, the techniques fall into three categories: making the environment unattractive for birds, scaring the birds, or as a last resort, reducing the bird population.
Airports take a range of measures against bird strikes:

• 
  using frightening devices such as sounds, lights, pyrotechnics, radio- controlled airplanes, lasers, dogs etc.;
  
• 
  hiring falcons;
  
• 
  keeping the grass long near RWYs because birds avoid habitats that could hide predators.
  

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