Гуманитарный издательский
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June | Ju / ly | and / August | our children don’t go to \ school. In June, July, and / August | our children don’t go to \ school. The end of each sentence is characterized by a relatively long pause. The pauses between intonationgroups are shorter, they vary in length. There may be no pauses between intonation groups at all. Each intonationgroup is characterized by a certain intona tion pattern, i. e. each syllable of an intonationgroup has a cer tain pitch and bears a larger or smaller degree of prominence. Consequently pitch levels are inseparably connected with stress. Intonation patterns consist of one or more syllables. Intonation patterns containing a number of syllables consist of the following parts: the prehead, the head, the nucleus and the tail. T h e p r e h e a d includes unstressed and halfstressed syllables preceding the first stressed syllable. T h e h e a d includes the stressed and unstressed syllables beginning with the first stressed syllable up to the last stressed syllable. The last stressed syllable is called t h e n u c l e u s . The unstressed and halfstressed syllables that follow the nucleus are called t h e t a i l . e. g. It was a very sunny \ day yesterday. It was a ... — the prehead. ... very sunny — the head. ... \ day ... — the nucleus. ... yesterday — the tail. The rises and falls that take place in the nucleus or start with it are called n u c l e a r t o n e s . T h e n u c l e u s is the most important part of the intona tion pattern as it defines the communicative type of the sen tence, determines the semantic value of the intonationgroup, indicates the communicative centre of the intonationgroup or of the whole sentence. T h e c o m m u n i c a t i v e c e n t r e is associated with the most important word or words of the intonationgroup or of the sentence. The nuclear tone of the final intonationgroup is determined by the communicative type of the whole sentence. The communicative types of sentences are differentiated in speech according to the aim of the utterance from the point of view of communication, i. e. in order to show if the sentence expresses a statement of fact, a question, a command or an ex clamation. There are four communicative types of sentences: 1. Statements, e. g. I like music. 2. Questions, e. g. Can you prove it? 3. Imperative sentences or commands, e. g. Try it again. 4. Exclamations, e. g. Right you are! The intonation pattern of the nonfinal intonationgroup, mainly its nuclear tone, is determined by the semantic value of the intonationgroup and by its connection with the following one. The falling nuclear tone shows that the nonfinal intonation group is complete, important by itself and is not so closely con nected with the following intonationgroup. A longer pause after an intonationgroup pronounced with the falling tone makes the intonationgroup even more signifi cant. e. g. I’ll → → → → → tell him жүктеу/скачать 3.9 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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