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Т. Картаева, Е. Даубаев, Э. Алтынбекова Turkic Studies Journal 2 (2023) 67-92
pictorial signs; seals with a portrait image; coat of arms seals; seals with stamps without the name of
the owner; stamps with the name of the owner; relief seals without the name of the owner; relief seals
with the name of the owner.
Although Kazakh khans and sultans stamped their seals in the form of rings, they did not wear them
on their hands every day, and when certifying documents, the pedestal was worn on the finger in the
«aynateris» way, i.e. with a pointed head up (a bird’s nose is negative when wearing a «kusmuryn»
ring) or certified with holding the pedestal in the hand. But judges, rich people, volost governors,
tarkhans, batyrs and elders had round, convex, square or stone seals.
The shape, that is the image of the ring seal of the Khans and sultans, corresponded to the image of
the top of the military banners. The pommel of the banner and the seal are the attribute of power. The
fact that the head part of both attributes of power is directed upwards proves that they were generally
recognized in the traditional environment.
The originals (originals) of the seals of the Kazakh Khans and sultans have not been preserved
under the influence of colonization. The authors share their experience in reconstructing the seal and
revealing the mystery of the symbols on the front of the seal.
Keywords: Inner Horde, types of seals, seals of Khans, reconstruction, attribute of power, symbol,
ornament, pedestal of stamps, traditional center.
*Т. Картаева
Казахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби, Алматы, Республика Казахстан
(E-mail: kartaeva07@mail.ru)
*Автор для корреспонденции: kartaeva07@mail.ru
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