Experience of government support of agricultural meat products in the USA and possibilities of its use in Russia

Ильин М.С.

академия» г. Иркутск

The paper deals with the role and place of the USA on the world meat market as well as with the methods of the government support realization and the state of the branch of animal husbandry.

To the beginning of the 21^st century in the USA it was achieved enormous successes in agriculture, an agrarian policy directed on maintenance of food safety of the country, and active participation in foreign trade in the agricultural goods the country was lifted on in the lead positions in the markets of agricultural production.

The meat market is one of the basic markets of agricultural production. It is defined by food value of meat, the maintenance in it of fibers necessary for the person, fats, carbohydrates, mineral substances and vitamins.

Along with China and Brazil the USA is the largest manufacturer and the exporter of meat. On a share of these countries it is necessary over 50 % of all made meat.

In the East and Southeast Asia growth of meat branch is accompanied with the general lifting of economy. Since 1980 in China it was possible to increase manufacture of meat more than five times that has led to consumption increase four times. [5]

In the countries of the South America, the USA, Denmark, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Australia along with increase in demand in the country meat manufacture is stimulated with prospects of export of these goods.

Annually the USA exports meat for the sum more than 10 milliard US dollars or 12,08 % from world export, thereby on 0,62 % lagging behind the leader of Brazil. [6]

The feature of development of meat branch of the USA is that unlike other countries, the agriculture branch has been focused on creation of a strong forage reserve for animal industries. Thus, without having problems with forages, the American farmers conducted long-term and purposeful work on creation of new specialized breeds and lines, were engaged in working out of industrial technologies, achievement of the highest labor productivity level and a high production efficiency of cattle-breeding production. [3]

From the table it is visible that from 1995-2008 growth of manufacture of all kinds of meat is observed. First of all more than fowl manufacture has increased by 6 million tons. In the world production it is possible to explain share decrease to that for the given period of time growth of world production of meat has been provided at the expense of such countries as China and Brazil where for the given period manufacture have increased almost twice.

In 1990th years the agrarian sector of Russia has had enormous losses; the animal industries have especially suffered. In 2009 the share of import meat in the domestic market has made 30-40 %. For Russia the question on increase in manufacture and quality improvement is rather actual.

The tendency of increase in import is rather characteristic in a present situation, the basic Russian manufacturers of meat directly depend on the state support. The long time of recovery of outlay does animal industries branch in the investment plan not attractive, considering a material and technical condition, it is difficult to commodity producers to impose competitive struggle.

The particular interest in activity of the American agricultural commodity producers of meat is caused by methods of realization of the state support. Unlike Russia where support is carried out in the form of direct financing, in the USA diverse program approaches, for example, when the help not are used by money resources, and technological innovations. [3]

In the USA with the Law on a small-scale business in 1953 the small-scale business Administration, small independent federal agency of the government of the USA has been created. Agency problems is assistance, consultation, the help and protection of interests of a small-scale business, creation of a free market competition, support and national economy strengthening as a whole. The small-scale business administration is engaged in financing, that is gives the financial help on a covering of debts, participates in programs of crediting and loans, with a view of business development gives free individual consultations, inexpensive training, is engaged in the state contracts and small-scale business protection. [4]

According to experience of the USA, methods of realization of the state support of agricultural commodity producers promote development of meat branch. Efficiency of support is reached at the expense of active actions from outside the governments.

Thus, the means spent by the state for animal industries developments, undoubtedly, give huge return.

In 2008 the USA exported meat for a total sum more than 11 milliard dollars have acted as the Basic buyers Mexico, Japan, Canada, Russia and China. [6]

Features of the Russian agriculture demand the special relation from outside the government, in particular and on the state support which is one of major factors of development of branch.

The state financial support which is received by the Russian manufacturers of meat, cannot give properly stimulus and deduce manufacture on the necessary level, namely with these problems the government of the USA has once consulted.

Sharp reduction or full deprivation of state financing of agricultural commodity producers of meat for realization of government programs cannot be a variant, other actions from outside the governments are for this purpose necessary.
Список использованной литературы:

1. 
   Сельская экономика : учеб. пособие / С.В. Киселев, С.А Харитонов., Белова Е.В. [и др.]. – М. : ИНФРА-М, 2008. – 527 с.
   
2. 
   Сельскохозяйственные рынки: учебное пособие / В.В. Шайкин [и др.]. – М. : Колос, 2001. – 264 с.
   
3. 
   Черняков, Б.А. Американское фермерство: XXI век: монография. – М. : Художественная литература, 2002. – 399 с.
   
4. 
   Официальный сайт Администрации малого бизнеса США : http://www.sba.gov.
   
5. 
   Официальный сайт Продовольственной и сельскохозяйственной организации ООН: http://www.fao.org
   
6. 
   Официальный сайт Международного торгового центра: http://www.intracen.org.
   

УДК 631.3.005.93