Методические указания Новосибирск
Study the vocabulary you may need to understand Text A
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- 3.6. Before reading Text A, try to fill in the gaps in the sentences. Use vocabulary given at the beginning of Unit 3.
- 3.7. Now read Text A and check your answers.
| 3.5. Study the vocabulary you may need to understand Text A.
scattered ['skætəd] (p. p. от scatter) разбросанный (о домах, предметах), разрозненный scatter ['skætə] (v) разбрасывать (on, over), рассеивать distinct [dɪ'stɪŋkt] (adj) особый, индивидуальный; отличный (от других) maintain [meɪn'teɪn] (v) обслуживать; содержать в исправности acronym ['ækrənɪm] (n) акроним formulae ['fɔ:mjυli:] (pl от formula) формулы introduce [̗ɪntrə'dju:s] (v) вводить в употребление; применять portable ['pɔ:təbl] (adj) машинонезависимый; мобильный; переносной payroll ['peɪrəυl] (n) платёжная ведомость purchase ['pɜ:tʃəs] (v) покупать, закупать; приобретать executable выполнимый, осуществимый vendor ['vendɔ:] (n) (юр.) продавец conform [kən'fɔ:m] (v) соответствовать (to или with – чему-л.) 3.6. Before reading Text A, try to fill in the gaps in the sentences. Use vocabulary given at the beginning of Unit 3. 1. A ______ is a program written in one of the high-level languages. 2. A program written in a high-level language must be interpreted into ______ before the computer reads and processes it. 3. A program designed to perform a specific task is called an _______. 4. The ______ is the program produced when the original program has been converted into machine code. 5. A _____ is a program that converts a high-level language into machine code. 6. The systems program which fetches required systems routines and links them to the object is known as the _______. 7. The _______ is the program directly executable by the computer. 3.7. Now read Text A and check your answers. TEXT A Programs and Programming Languages Computers are known to provide capability to make rapid calculations, compare and make decisions, and send messages through communication links to geographically scattered places, etc. The organization of these capabilities into a system which is capable of solving problems and realizing aims depends on computer programs. The process of telling a computer what to do and how to do is called programming. The set of instructions is known as the program. Programs are considered to be an integral part of computer systems: they have been given the name “software” to indicate that they are distinct from but parallel to the “hardware”. More exactly, software includes not only the computer programs but also their documentation and the training required for people to use total system and operate and maintain the programs. Computers can deal with different kinds of problems if they are given the right instructions for what to do. Instructions are first written in one of the high-level language, e.g. FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL, PL/I, PASCAL, or C, depending on the type of program, and it cannot be processed by the computer until it has been compiled, which means interpreted into machine code .Usually a single instruction written in a high-level language, when transformed into a machine code, results in several instructions. Here is a brief description of some of the many high–level languages: FORTRAN – acronym for FORmula TRANslation. This language is used for solving scientific and mathematical problems. It consists of algebraic formulae and English phrases. It was introduced in the United States in 1954. COBOL – acronym for Common Business-Oriented Language. This language is used for commercial purposes. COBOL, which is written using English statements, deals with problems that do not involve a lot of mathematical calculations. It was first introduced in 1959. ALGOL – acronym for ALGOrithmic Language .Originally called IAL, which means International Algebraic Language. It is used for mathematical and scientific purposes. ALGOL was first introduced in Europe in 1960. жүктеу/скачать 1.6 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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