Noun: Dancing had not begun yet. – Танцы еще не начались. (b) by an infinitive
The functions and the use of the gerund
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The functions and the use of the gerundThe -ing form often acts like a verb and a noun at the same time (=gerund). 1 It can be followed by an object (verbal character): beating a child, writing letters. 2 It can also itself be the subject, object or complement (=predicative) of a sentence (=nominal character). Beating a child will do more harm than good. I hate writing letters. One of my bad habits is biting my nails. 3 Like any other noun, the -ing form can be used with an article or possessive or demonstrative adjective. ( Russian grammarians call such forms verbal nouns.) the rebuilding of Coventry, a questioning of our basic principles I hate all this useless arguing. N.B. When the -ing form is used with an article, it cannot usually have a direct object. the designing of a new factory (Not: *the designing a new factory) 4 The possessives my, your, etc, and genitives like John's, can be used with -ing forms and make a gerundial construction. Do you mind my making a suggestion? I'm annoyed about John's forgetting to pay. In informal English it is more common to use forms like me, you, John instead, especially when these forms are functioning as the grammatical object of the sentence. Do you mind me making a suggestion? I’m annoyed about John forgetting to pay. 5 -ing form after verbs Typical mistakes: *I enjoy to travel. She doesn't mind to be disturbed while she's working. When one verb is followed by another, the second verb is not always the infinitive. You can say I want to travel or I hope to travel, but not *I enjoy to travel. Enjoy is usually followed by the -ing form, and so are quite a number of other verbs. The most common are: admit, appreciate, · avoid, begin, cease, consider, continue, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, dislike, dread, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, fancy, feel like, finish, forget, forgive, give up, go on, hate, can't help, imagine, intend, involve, keep (+on,) leave off, like, loathe, love, mention, mind (in negative and interrogative sentences), miss, neglect, pardon, postpone, practise, prefer, prevent, propose, put off, quit, recall, recollect, regret, remember, resent, resist, resume, risk, start, stop, can't stand, suggest, try, understand For example: I really appreciate having time to relax. Have you considered getting a job abroad? Excuse my interrupting ... You mentioned having been in hospital last year. Prevent is followed by object + (from) + -ing. There's nothing to prevent him (from) taking the money. 6 The -ing form is also used in the following cases: to burst out crying/laughing, to go swimming/shopping, to spend/waste time/money doing something, to keep (on)= go on doing something. She burst out crying. Let’s go climbing next week. Did you go dancing last Saturday? He spends a lot of money collecting stamps. Keep smiling. жүктеу/скачать 152.5 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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