Оқулық Алматы, 014 Қазақстан Республикасы Білім жəне ғылым министрлігінің «Оқулық»
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қосымша Ⱥ Ԕ ɉȺɊȺɌ ɀԤɇȿ Ⱥ Ԕ ɉȺɊȺɌɌɕ Ԕ Ԛ Ⱦ ȿɊȱ ɋɌȿɊ Ⱥ Ԕ ɉȺɊȺɌɌɕ Ⱥɇɕ Ԕ ɌȺɍ ɀԤɇȿ ԦɅɒȿɍ Ⱥ Ԕ ɉȺɊȺɌɌɕ Ԕ Ԛ Ⱦ ȿɊȱɋɌȿɊ Ɇɚɡɦԝɧɞɵԕ ɬԥɫɿɥ (ɚɞɚɦɧɵԙ ɤԧɡԕɚɪɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ Ʉɢɛɟɪɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬԥɫɿɥ Ⱥԕɩɚɪɚɬ – ɛɿɥɿɦ Ⱥԕɩɚɪɚɬ – ɫɢɦɜɨɥɞɵԕ ɬɿɡɛɟɤɬɿԙ ɦɚɡɦԝɧɵ Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɬɢɜ - ɬɿɤ ɛɿɥɿɦ ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭ ɪɚɥɵԕ ɛɿɥɿɦ Ⱥԕɩɚɪɚɬ ɫɚɧɵ – ɛɿɥɿɦɧɿԙ ɚɪ ɬɭ ԧɥɲɟɦɿ I=log 2 1/ p, ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ : I – ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬ ɟɝɿ ɨԕɢԑɚ ɬɭ ɪɚ ɥɵ ɚԕɩ ɚɪɚɬ ɫɚɧɵ ; p – ɨԕɢԑɚ ɵԕɬɢɦɚɥɞɵɥɵԑɵ . I=1 ɛɢɬ , ɟɝɟɪ p =1/2 ɛɨɥɫɚ . Ⱥԕɩɚɪɚɬ ɫɚɧɵ – ɦԥɬɿɧɧɿԙ ɤԧ ɥɟɦɞɿɤ ԧɥɲɟɦɿ (ɫɢ ɦɜɨɥɞɵԕ ɬɿɡɛɟɤɬɿԙ ɦɚɡɦ ԝɧɵ ) I= ɿ 3 *k , ɦԝɧ ɞɚԑɵ : I – ɫɢɦɜɨɥɞɵԕ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɝɿ ɚԕɩɚɪɚɬ ɫɚɧɵ ; ɿ – ɫɢ ɦɜɨɥɞɵԙ ɚԕɩɚɪɚɬɬɵԕ ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵ ; k – ɦԥɥ ɿɦɟɬ ɬɟɝɿ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɞɚɪ ɫɚɧɵ . i= log 2 N, ɦԝ ɧɞɚԑɵ N – ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɬɿԙ ԕɭ ɚɬɬɵɥɵԑɵ . i=1 ɛɢɬ , ɟɝɟɪ N=2 ɛɨɥɫɚ . Ⱥԕɩɚɪɚɬ ԧɥɲɟɦɿ : ɛɢɬ , ɛɚɣɬ , Ʉɛɚɣɬ , Ɇɛɚɣɬ ... ɋɚԕɬɚɭ Ɍɚɪɚɬ ɭ Ԧԙɞɟɭ Ⱥԕɩɚɪɚɬ ȱɲɤɿ ɠɚɞɵ ɋɵɪɬԕ ɵ ɠɚɞɵ ɋɚԕɬɚɭ ɨɪɧɵ ɋɢɩɚɬɬɚɦɚɥɚɪɵ : ɚԕɩɚɪɚɬ ɤԧɥɟɦɿ , ɫɚԕɬɚɭ ɫɟɧɿɦɞɥɿɝɿ , ԕɨɥɠɟɬɿɦɞɿɥɿɤ ɭɚԕɵɬ ɵ Ԕɚɣɧɚɪɤԧɡ Ⱥɪɧɚ Ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚԑɵɲ ɋɟɡɿɦ ɦԛɲɟɥɟɪɿ – ɚɞɚɦɧɵԙ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵԕ ɚɪɧɚɥɚɪɵ Ȼɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɚɪɧɚɥɚɪɵ : ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧ , ɪɚɞɢɨ ɠԥɧɟ ɬ .ɛ . ɋɢɩɚɬɬɚɦɚɥɚɪɵ : ɬɚɪɚɬɭ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ , ԧɬɤɿɡɭ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɿ , ɲɭ ɞɚ ɧ ԕɨɪԑɚɭ Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕԝɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɛɚɣ (« ɨɣɞɚ ) Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕԝɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɩ (ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ) Ԧԙɞɟɭ ɬԛɪɥɟɪɿ : -ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭɥɟɪ -ɥɨɝɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɩɿɤɿɪɥɟɪ -ɿɡɞɟɭ -ԕԝɪɵɥɵɦɞɚɭ -ɤɨɞɬɚɭ Ԧԙɞɟɭ ɟɪ ɟɠɟɫɿ : -ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɞɟɪ 528 2- қосымша ȺԔɉȺɊȺɌɌɕ ȻȿɊɍ Ɍɿɥ – ɚԕɩɚɪɚɬɬɵԙ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɞɵԕ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɿ ɦ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ ȺԔɉȺɊȺɌ Ɍɕ ȻȿɊɍ Ɍɚɛɢԑɢ ɬɿɥɞɟɪ Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɵ ɬɿɥɞɟɪ Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ : - ԕɚɡɚԕ ɬɿɥɿ - ɨɪɵɫ ɬɿɥɿ - ɚԑɵɥɲɵɧ ɬɿɥɿ - ԕɵɬɚɣ ɬɿɥɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɬ. ɛ . ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɬɿɥɞɟɪɿ Ȼɚɫԕɚ ɞɚ ɬɿɥɞɟɪ : ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɬɿɥɿ , ɦɭ ɡɵɤɚ ɬɿɥɿ , ɯɢɦɢɹ ɬɿɥɿ , ɠɨɥ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɿ ɬɿɥɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɬ .ɛ . ȿɤɿɥɿɤ ɤɨɞɬɚɪ ɬɿɥɿ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɚɭ ɬɿɥɞɟɪɿ Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɥɵ ԕ ɬɿɥɞɟɪɿ Ȼɿɥɿɦɞɟɪ ɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬ ɭ ɬɿɥɞɟɪɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɬ .ɛ . ɫɚɧɞɚɪ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɞ ɚɪ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɞɵɛɵɫ Ȼԛɬɿɧ ɫɚɧɧ ɵԙ ɛɟɤɿɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɧ ԛɤɬɟɦɟɧ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ . ɇɚԕɬɵ ɫɚɧɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɠɵɦɚɥɵ ɧԛɤɬɟɦɟɧ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɬɵԕ ɞɵɛɵɫɬɵԕ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɞɵ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɬɟɭ (ȺɐɌ - ɬԛɪɥɟɧɞɿɪ ɭ ) Ʉɨɞɬɵԕ ɤɟɫɬɟɥɟɪ : ASCII, ɄɈɂ -8, UNICODE Ȼɟɣɧɟɠɚɞɵ ɞɚԑɵ ɚԕɩɚɪɚɬ : ɪɚɫɬɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɟɤɿɥɿɤ ɤɨɞɬɚɪɵ ȿɤɿɥɿɤ ɤɨɞɬɚɪ ɬɿɥɿ 529 3- қосымша ԕ ɄɈɆɉɖɘɌȿɊ Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ԕԝɪɵɥԑɵɥɚɪɵ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɵԕ ɠɚɛɞɵԕɬɚɭ ɀɚɞɵ ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ȿɧɝɿɡɭ-ɲɵԑɚɪɭ ԕԝɪɵɥԑɵɥɚɪɵɪ ȱɲɤɿ ɠɚɞɵ Ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿ : ɠɟɞɟɥ ɚԕɩɚɪɚɬɬɵ – ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪ ɦɟɧ ɛɚԑɞɚɪ ɥɚɦɚɥɚɪɞɵ ɫɚԕɬɚɭ Ԕԝɪɵɥɵɦɵ : ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɬɿ , ɚɞɪɟɫɬɟɥɟɬɿɧ Ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿ : ɚԕɩɚɪɚɬɬɵ ԝɡɚԕ ɦɟɪɡɿɦɝ ɟ ɫɚԕɬɚɭ Ɍɚɫɵɦɚɥɞɚɭɲɵɥɚɪ : ɦɚɝɧɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɤɿɥɟɪ ɠԥɧɟ ɥɟɧɬɚɥɚɪ , ɨɩɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥɞɚ ɭɲɵɥɚ ɪ ɋɵɪɬԕɵ ɠɚ ɞɵ Ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿ : ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɛɚԑ ɞɚɪɥɚɦɚ ɛɨɣ ɵɧɲɚ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ԧԙɞɟɭ ɋɢɩɚɬɬɚɦɚɥɚɪɵ ɬɚɤɬɿɥɿɤ ɠɢɿɥɿɤ , ɪɚɡ ɪɹ ɞɬɵɥɵ ԕ ȿɧɝɿɡɭ ԕԝɪɵɥԑɵɥɚɪɵ Ԕԝɪɵɥԑɵɥɚ ɪ ɬɢɩɬɟɪɿ : ɩɟɪɧɟɬɚԕɬɚ , ɫɤɚɧɟɪ , ɬɵɲԕɚɧ , ɦɢɤɪɨɮɨɧ ɒɵԑɚɪ ɭ ԕԝɪɵɥԑɵɥɚɪɵ Ԕԝɪɵɥԑɵɥɚ ɪ ɬɢɩɬɟɪɿ : ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪ , ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪ , ɚɤ ɭɫ ɬɢɤɚɥɵ ԕ ɠԛɣɟ Ɉɩɟ ɪɚɰɢɹɥɵԕ ɠ ԛɣɟ Ԕɵɡɦɟɬɲɿ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɚɪ Ԕԝɪɵɥԑɵɥɚ ɪɞɵ ɛɚɫ ԕɚ ɪɭ Ɏɚɣɥɞɚɪɦɟɧ ɠ ԝɦɵɫ ɉɚɣɞɚɥɚɧ ɭɲɵɦɟɧ ɫԝ ɯɛɚɬ Ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿ : ɞɢɫɤɬɟɪɝɟ ԕɵɡɦɟɬ ɤԧɪɫɟɬ ɭ , ɮɚɣɥɞɚɪ ɞɵ ɚɪɯɢɜɬɟɭ ɠԝɦɵɫɬɚɪɵ , ɜɢɪɭ ɫɬɚɪɦɟɧ ɤԛɪɟɫ ɠԥɧɟ ɬ .ɛ . ɉɚɣɞɚɥɚɧ ɭɲɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɿ : ɧɵɫɚɧԑɚ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ , ɝɪɚɮɢɤɬɿɤ Ɏɚɣɥɞɵԕ ɠԛɣɟ Ԕɚɪɚɩɚɣɵɦ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɦ Ʉԧɩ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɥɿ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɦ Ɏɚɣɥ ɚɬɵ , ɮɚɣɥ ɬɢɩɿ , ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝ (ɛɭɦɚ ), ɚԑ ɚɲ , ɥɨɝɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɞɢɫɤ , ɮɚɣɥԑ ɚ ɛɚɪ ɭ ɠɨɥ , ɮɚɣɥɞɵԙ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɚɬɵ ɀ ԛɣɟɥɿɤ Ԕ ɨɥɞɚɧɛɚɥɵ ɀɚɥɩɵ ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿ : ɦԥɬɿɧɞɿɤ ɠԥɧɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɬɟɪ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɥɚɪ , ɤɟɫɬɟɥɿɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɥɚɪ , ɆԔȻɀ , ɠɟɥɿɥɿɤ ɛɚԑɞɚ ɪɥɚɦɚɥɚ ɪ , ɨɣɵɧɞɚ ɪ Ⱥɪɧɚɣɵ ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿ . Ԕɨɥɞɚɧɛɚɥɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɚɪ ɩɚɤɟɬɿ : ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ , ɛɭ ɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɥɿɤ , ɨԕɵɬɭ , ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭ ɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɠԥɧɟ ɬ .ɫ .ɫ . ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥ ɚɭ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪɿ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɚɭ ɬɿɥɞɟɪɿ : Ȼɟɣɫɢɤ , ɉɚɫɤɚɥɶ , ɋɢ ɠԥɧɟ ɬ .ɛ . Ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿ : ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɚɪɞɵ ԥɡɿɪɟɭ : ɟɧɝɿɡɭ , ɩɪɨɝ ɪɚɦɦɚɧɵ ɠԧɧɞ ɟɭ , ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɥɚɭ , ɨɪɵɧɞɚɭ 530 4- қосымша ԕɨɫ ȺɅȽɈɊɂɌɆ Ⱦ ȿɍ ɀԤɇȿ ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆȺɅȺɍ ȺɅȽɈɊɂɌɆ Ⱦ ȿɍ ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆȺɅȺɍ Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ – ɨɪɵɧɞɚɭ ɲɵɧɵԙ ɠԝɦ ɵɫɵɧ ɛɚɫԕɚɪ ɭɞ ɵԙ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɬɿ ɡɛɟ ɝɿ Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɞɿ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɭ ɲɵ Ɉɪɵɧɞɚɭ ɲɵ ɦɿɧɟɡɞɟɦɟɥɟɪɿ : ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿ , ɨɪɬɚɫɵ , ɠԝɦɵɫ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ , ɤɨɦɚɧ ɞɚɥɚɪ ɠ ԛɣɟɫɿ (Ʉɀ ) «ɀɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ » ɠԝɦɵɫ ɠɚɫɚɣɬɵɧ ɚɥɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɞɟ ɪ ɒɚɦɚɥɚɪɦɟɧ ɠԝɦɵɫ ɠɚɫɚɣɬɵɧ ɚɥɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɞɟ ɪ ɒɚɦɚ : ɚɬɵ , ɦԥɧɿ , ɬɢɩɿ ɇɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɚɥɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɞɿɤ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɦɞɚɪ ɋɵɡɵԕ ɬɵԕ Ɍɚɪɦɚԕɬɚɥɭ ɐɢɤɥ Ԕԝɪɵɥɵɦɞɵԕ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɚɭɞɵԙ ԥɞɿɫɬɟɦɟɫɿ - ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ԕԝɪ ɵɥɵɦɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɭ ɩɟɪɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɫɵ (ɬɿɡɛɟɤɬɿɥɿɤ , ԕɚɛɚɬɬɚɫԕɚɧ ) - ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿ ɚɥɝ ɨɪɢɬɦɞɟɪɞɿ ɬԧɦɟɧɧɟɧ ɠɨɛɚɥɚɭ Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɞɟɪɞɿ ɫɢɩɚɬɬ ɚɭ ɬɿɥɞɟɪɿ : ɛɥɨɤ -ɫɯɟɦɚɥɚɪ , ɨԕ ɭ ɚɥɝ ɨɪɢɬɦɞɿɤ ɬɿɥɿ Ɏɭ ɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɞɵ (Ʌɢɫɩ ) Ʌɨɝɢɤɚɥɵԕ (ɉɪɨɥɨɝ ) Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɿɝɟ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ (ɋɦɨɥɬɨɤ , ɋɂ ++, Ⱦɟɥɮɢ , ...) ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭ ɪɚɥɵԕ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɚɭ (Ⱥɫɫɚɦɛɥɟɪ , Ȼɟɣɫɢɤ , Ɏɨɪɬɪɚɧ , ɉɚɫɤɚɥɶ , ...) ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɚɭ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪɿ ȿɧɝɿɡɭ ɞɿ , ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɥɚɭɞɵ , ɫɚԕɬɚɭ ɞɵ ԝɣɵɦɞɚɫɬɵɪɭ Ɍɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɹɥɚɭɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɵԕ ɦɨɞɭ ɥɶɞɟɪɞɿ ԕԝɪɚɫɬɵɪɭ ɞɵ ԝɣɵɦɞɚɫɬɵɪɭ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɧɵ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɭ ɞɿ ɠԥ ɧ ɟ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭ ɵ ɧ ԝɣɵɦɞɚɫɬɵɪɭ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɚɭ ɬɿɥɞɟɪɿ Ɍɿɥɞɿԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ Ɇԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɦɟɧ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɚɬɵɧ ԥɪɤɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ԝɣɵɦɞɚɫɬɵɪɭ Ɇԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ԝɣɵɦɞɚɫɬɵɪɭ Ⱥɥɮɚɜɢɬ , ɥɟɤɫɟɦɞɟɪ , ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ , ɛɟɡɟɧɞɿ ɪɭ Ɇԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɟɧɝɿɡɭ -ɲɵԑɚɪɭ , ɮɚɣɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɠ ԝɦɵɫ Ɇԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ԧԙɞɟɭ Ɇԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɦɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɢɩɬɟɪɿ Ⱥɦɚɥɞɚɪ ɠԥɧɟ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɪ Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɥɚɪ : ɦɟɧɲ ɿɤɬɟɭ , ɬɚɪɦɚԕɬɚɥɭ , ɰɢɤɥɞɟɪ , ɤԧɲɭ ȱɲɤɿ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɚɪɞɵ ԝɣɵɦɞɚɫɬɵɪɭ ɠԥɧɟ Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ : ɬ ԛɫɿɧɿɤɬɿɥɿɝɿ , ɞԥɥɞɿɝ ɿ, ɧԥɬ ɢɠɟɥɿɝɿ , ɞɢ ɫɤɪɟɬɬɿɥɿɝɿ , ɠɚɥɩɵɥɵԑɵ 531 5- қосымша ԕ ɆԤɌȱ ɇ Ⱦ ȱɄ Ⱥ Ԕ ɉȺɊȺɌɉȿɇ ɀԜɆɕɋ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂəɋɕ Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɠɚɞɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɦԥɬɿɧɞɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬ ɭ Ɇԥɬɿɧɞɿ ɠɚɫɚɭ ɠԥ ɧ ɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɥɚɭ ɛɚԑɞɚɪɥɚɦɚɥɚɪɵ ɋɢɦɜɨɥɞɚɪɵ ɤԧɪɫɟɬ ɭ Ɇԥɬɿɧɞɿɤ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɥɚɪ Ԕԝɠɚɬ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɦɵ Ɇԥɬɿɧɞɿɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɥɚɪ Ʉɨɞɬɚɭ ɤɟɫɬ ɟɫɿ Ԕԝɪɵɥɵɦɞɵԕ ɛɿɪɥɿɤɬɟɪ : ɫԧɡ , ɠɨɥ , ɚɛɡɚɰ , ɛɟɬ , ɬɚ ɪɚ ɭ , ԕ ԝɠɚɬ Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ : ASCII ɤɨɞɵ - 256 ɫɢɦɜɨɥ -ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɬɵ ɛԧɥɿɝ ɿ: 0 – 127 ɤɨɞɬɚɪɵ -ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɬɿ ɛԧɥɿɦɿ : 128 – 255 -ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɬɿ ɬɿɡɛɟɤɬɟɣ ɤɨɞɬɚ ɭ Ƚɢɩɟɪɦԥɬɿɧ : ɝɢɩɟɪɫɿɥɬɟɦɟɥɟɪ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɿɲɤɿ ɛɚɣɥɚɧ ɵɫɬɚɪ ɀԝɦɵɫɬɵԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɪɟɠɢɦɞɟɪɿ : -ɟɧɝɿɡɭ – ɪɟɞɚɤɨɬɪɥɚɭ -ɿɡɞɟɭ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɥɦɚɫɬɵɪ ɭ -ɮɚɣɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɠԝɦɵɫ -ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢ ɹɧɵ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɭ -ԕԝɠɚɬɬɵ ɛɚɫɩɚɥɚɭ -ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧ ɭɲɵԑɚ ɤɟԙɟɫ Ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚ ɮɭ ɧɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɵ : -ɲɚɛɥɨɧɞɚɪ ɤԧɦɟɝ ɿɦɟɧ ɫɬɢɥɶɞɟɪɞɿ ɛɚɫԕɚɪ ɭ -ɤɟɫɬɟɥɟɪɞɿ ԕԝɪɭ -ɝɪɚɮɢɤɬɿɤ ɧɵɫɚɧɞɚɪɞɵ ɤɿɪɿɫɬɿɪɭ -ɮɨɪɦɭ ɥɚɥɚɪɞɵ ɤɿɪɿɫɬɿɪɭ Ɇԥɬɿɧɦɟɧ ɠ ԝɦɵɫɬɵԙ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ ɭɚɥɞɵԕ ɠ ԛɣɟɥɟ ɪɿ Ⱥ ɭɞɚɪ ɦɚɲ ɵ - ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɚɪ Ȼɚɫɩɚ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɨɥɠɚɡɛɚ ɦԥɬɿɧɞɟɪɞɿ ɬɚɧɭ -ɨԕ ɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɥɚɪɵ 532 6- қосымша ԕ ȽɊȺɎɂɄȺɅɕԔ ȺԔɉȺɊȺɌɉȿɇ ɀԜɆɕɋ ȱɋɌȿɍ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽ ɂəɋɕ Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪ ɗɋɌ - ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɥɚɪ Ȼɟɣɧɟɚɞɚɩɬ ɟɪ ɋɄ - ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɥɚɪ Ȼɟɣɧɟɠɚɞɵ Ⱦɢɫɩɥɟɣɥɿɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɋɢɩɚɬɬɚɦɚɥɚɪɵ : -ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ԧɥɲɟɦɿ -ɲɵԑɚɪɭ ɠɢɿɥɿɝɿ Ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿ : ɛɟɣɧɟ ɚԕɩɚɪɚɬɬɵ ɫɚԕɬɚɭ Ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿ : ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪ ɠԝɦɵɫɵɧ ɛɚɫԕɚɪ ɭ Ʉɟɫɤɿɧɞɿ ɤԧ ɪɫɟɬ ɭ Ɋɚɫɬɪɥɵԕ ȼɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɉɢɤɫɟɥ – ɤɟɫɤɿɧɧɿԙ ɧԛɤ ɬɟɥɿɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɿ Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɚɥɵ ԕ ԕɚɪɚɩɚɣɵɦ ɮɢɝ ɭɪ ɚɥɚɪ – ɤɟɫɤɿɧɧɿԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ ɉɢɤɫɟɥɶ ɬԛ ɫɿ Ɋɚɫɬɪ – ɩɢɤɫɟɥɞɟ ɪ ɬɨ ɪɵ ɇɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɬԛɫɬɟɪ : -Ԕɵɡɵɥ -ɀɚɫɵɥ -Ʉԧɤ Ɋɚɫɬɪ ԧɥɲɟɦɿ : M x N M – ɛɚԑɚɧɞɚɪ N – ɠɨɥɞɚ ɪ Ʉԧɪɫɟɬ ɭ ɬԥɫɿɥɞɟɪ ɿ: ɷɤɪɚɧɞɵԕ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɞɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɮɢɝɭ ɪɚɥɚɪɞɵ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚ ɭ ɋɤɚɧɟɪ Ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿ : ԕɚԑɚɡɞɚɧ ɤɟɫɤɿɧɞɿ ɟɧɝ ɿɡ ɭ Ɋɚɫɬɪɥɵԕ ɬɢɩ Ɉɪɬɚɫɵ : ɛɚɫ ɦԥɡ ɿɪ , ɠԝɦɵɫ ԧɪɿɫɿ , ԕԝɪɚɥ - ɫɚɣɦɚɧɞɚɪ , ɩɚɢɬɪɚ , ɤɚɥɢɛ ɪɥɿɤ ɲɤɚɥ ɚ Ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɭɵ : -ԕɚɪɵɧɞɚɲ , ɛɨɹ ɭ ɠɚԕԕɵɲ , ԕԝɪɚɥ - ɫɚɣɦɚɧɞɚɪ , ԝɫɚԕ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɞɚɪɞɚɪɞɵ ɫɚɥ ɭ ԛɲɿɧ ԛɥɤɟɣɬɤɿɲɬɿԙ ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ ɫɭ ɪɟɬɬɿ ɫɚɥɭ -ɫɤɚɧɟɪɥɟɧɝ ɟɧ ɤɟɫɤɿɧɞɟɪɞɿ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɥɚɭ ȼɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ 2 b = K, ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ : K – ɬԛɫɬɟɪ ɫɚɧɵ , b – ɬԛɫ ɤɨɞɵɧɵԙ Ȼɟɣɧɟ ɚԕɩɚɪɚɬ ɤԧɥɟɦɿ : I= b* M *N (ɛɢɬ ) Ⱥɩɩɚɪɚɬɬɵԕ ԕԝɪɚɥɞɚɪ Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɬɿɤ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɥɚɪ ȼɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ |