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Text 14B 
The concept "plant of the real estate" 
The legislatively established definition of the real estate has com-
mon character and does not contain rules and features which can help 
to distinguish certain plants of the real estate in the real property in 
general. That is the reason that now it is impossible to isolate such 
plants of the real estate, as forest and long-term green plants. Obvi-
ously therefore the operating real estate market is restricted to plants 
of the real estate, isolation of which is possible on the basis of a usual 
business turnover. To such plants of the real estate refer: land lots, 
buildings (primary plants оf the real estate), apartments, residential 
and uninhabited premises (secondary plants of the real estate). 
This situation is indirectly legislated by the law "On state registra-
tion of the rights on real property and transactions with it." The practi-
cal significance for the operating real estate market of such plants of 
the real estate, as land lots, buildings and premises (flats), and legisla-
tive determinacy of rules of state registration of the rights on them al-
lows to make a conclusion that problems of regulating the relations 
between the owners of these types of plants of the real estate should 
be first of all solved. That's why there is a necessity of rules installa-
tion, on the basis of which land lots, buildings and premises (flats) can 
be isolated as the plants of civil rights. 
The law establishes that the rights on the real things belong to state 
registration. Thus plants of the real estate have the dual nature: on the 
one hand they are legal objects, and on the other they are the physical 
plants, strongly linked to land. To define concept "plant of the real es-
tate", it is necessary to define, whether any land lot or plant, strongly 
linked to land, should be considered as plant of the real estate. In all 
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these cases a possibility of plant selection of the real estate depends on 
its assigning. 
As the land is a substance of the real estate, property legal relations 
linked to the real estate, are defined first of all by forms of the land-
ownership. It is not by chance that the problem of the right of land-
ownership during the twentieth century was and for the present re-
mains in our country an object of bitter confrontation of different po-
litical forces in desire to influence on social and economic system of 
future Russia. 
In the foreign practice the list of authorities concerning land in-
cludes 8 elements: 
- the right on the income, which is given by the realization of the 
right of use and dispose of land; 
- the right on disposal, consumption, expenditure at own discretion 
down to an extermination of a thing (except for land); 
- warranty from expropriation, or right on security; 
- the right to transmit land lots; 
- termless possession; 
- inhibitory actions to use land in harm to other people; 
- possibility of exemption of a lot as a payment for the unpaid debt; 
- residual principle, i.e. existence of standards and rules providing 
restoration of the outraged rights. 
Abovementioned and other elements describing concept of land-
ownership, in combination with the rights of possession, use, disposal 
suppose existence of about 1500 variants of the property rights. There-
fore, according to world practice the concept of the landownership 
should be considered as a complex of the land and property rights 
regulating particular conditions of land use. 

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