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ing them in terms of their use and access to land resources. In addi-
tion, their position on the social scale and their capacities, either as 
stakeholders or as members of authorities and other organizations 
have to be considered. Land use planning takes into account cultural 
viewpoints and builds up on local environmental knowledge. 
Rural societies or groups can often provide complex indigenous 
knowledge of the environment. If this is the case, such local knowl-
edge should be a part of the basis for planning and implementing a 
sustainable land use. Land use planning takes also into consideration 
traditional strategies for solving problems and conflicts. 
Traditional rural societies have their own way of approaching 
problems and settling conflicts concerning land use. In the process of 
land use planning, such mechanisms have to be recognized, under-
stood and taken into account. 
Land use planning requires transparency. Therefore, free access to 
information for all participants is a prerequisite. 
Transparency in planning and the extent to which stakeholders are 
informed, strengthen both their willingness and capacity to participate 
in planning and decision-making. It increases the motivation of the 
people for creating sustainable results. An open exchange of informa-
tion leads to discussions about objectives among the key figures and 
promotes the willingness to reach a consensus. The dissemination of 
information in the local language(s) contributes to an improved trans-
parency. In addition, it strengthens the trust of the population in land 
use planning activities. 
The differentiation of stakeholders and the gender approach are 
core principles in land use planning. A prerequisite for realistic land 
use planning is the detailed analysis of the various interest groups. The 
aim is to find out the various interests of the participants in order to 
create a basis for the negotiation and decision-making process. Men 
and women often do not have the same access to land and have spe-
cific ways of articulating themselves. Different interests are arising 
from the economic and social character of their role and scope of du-
ties. Therefore, the role of gender is an important criterion when dif-
ferentiating stakeholders. 
Land use planning is implementation-oriented. Land use planning 
has to consider how the negotiated decisions are to be implemented. 
Land use planning does not end with the land use plan. 
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The implementation of limited measures (e.g. the development of 
cultivation techniques which conserve land resources) plays an impor-
tant role in increasing the trust of the people in the village as far as the 
planning process is concerned. 

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