Пособие состоит из 16 уроков и трех дополнительных разделов. Каждый урок рассчитан на работу в течение 4-5 часов аудиторных занятий
Grasslands generally develop in subhumid or semiarid regions where the rainfall is less than that necessary for trees. Deserts
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| Grasslands generally develop in subhumid or semiarid regions where the rainfall is
less than that necessary for trees. Deserts occur in places where there is so little rainfall that even grass has difficulty for growing. Tundras are found where the climate is cool to cold throughout the year. The climate of the British Isles The British Isles which are surrounded by the ocean have an insular climate. The climate is moister and more equable than of Central Europe. The three things that chiefly determine the climate of Britain are: 1) the position of the island in the temperate belt; 2) the fact that the prevailing winds blow from the west and southwest; 3) the warm current – the Gulf Stream that flows from the Gulf of Mexico along the western shores of England. The British Isles are situated in the parallels on which Moscow and Kiev are situated. The climate is mild and strong frosts are rare. Due to the moderating influences of the sea and the Gulf Stream, the January temperature is higher and the July temperature lower than in any other country of the same latitude. Its hard to say that Britain has typical weather because of the sudden changes that occur: showers from what was only a few hours before the clear sky; sunshine that makes you want to leave off most of your clothes followed by winds that set your wishing for two other coats. There is an abundance of rainfall in the west. As a result, there are thick fogs, which last for days and weeks at a time during the autumn and winter. The lack of sunshine hinders the cultivation of many species of plants, especially grain crops. However, grasses grow all the year round, providing fodder 24 for cattle. 5.4 Say whether the following statements are true or false 1. Weather is the conditions of the atmosphere over a period of some years. 2. Deserts are commonly found where the climate is humid and not cold. 3. The position of the island in the temperate belt is one of the facts that determine the climate of Britain. 4. The British Isles are situated on the parallels on which Moscow and Minsk are situated. 5. Weather in Britain is characterized by sudden changes. 6. There is an abundance of sunshine in the west. 5.5 Translate the words and word combinations given in brackets 1. Geography is concerned with the classification of areas (в соответствии с климатом). 2. What is (средняя температура) here in spring? 3. (Атмосферное давление) was very high last week. 4. The climate of this region is (влажный). 5. The weather map shows how (температура, осадки, ветры и давление) are related in space. 6. The British Isles have (островной климат). 7. (Суровые морозы) are not rare in this part of the country. 5.6 Read and translate these dialogues. Answer the following questions 1. What is the difference between weather and climate? 2. What facts suggest that climates have been constantly changing? * * * A: What nasty weather we are having this summer. B: Yes, indeed. Is it often so cool and damp here as it is this summer? A: I wouldn't say so. The climate here is rather healthy. The winters are not very cold and the summers are warm and dry. B: By the way, what is the difference between weather and climate? A: Well, I'll try to explain it. If we speak about "weather", we mean the conditions of the atmosphere at any given moment. Weather can be cloudy, sunny, damp, dry, warm, hot, cool, windy and so on. These conditions can be change frequently. "Climate" can be defined as the average weather over a long period of time. * * * A: Climates in the past haven't been as they are today, have they? B: Certainly, not. There's much evidence that climates have been constantly changing. Coal and some other deposits in such northern regions as Greenland and 25 Spitsbergen were certainly formed in hot climates. On the other hand, in India, South Africa and Australia there are signs of former glacial conditions. A: Do these facts suggest that continents have wandered? В: If continents haven't, the poles have done so. That is to say, the positions of the North and South Poles and the Equator have been different at different times. 5.7 Answer the following questions Why is climatology of particular interest to the geographers? What are the conditions of the atmosphere which determine the area’s weather and climate? What is weather? What is climate? Give the classification of areas according to climate. What climate have the British Isles? What things determine the climate of the British Isles? The weather in Britain changes very quickly, doesn’t it? What hinders the cultivation of many species of plants? Why is sheep-breeding developed in Britain? 5.8 Read and memorize the following information centigrade thermometer [´sentigreid] - термометр Цельсия, термометр со стоградусной шкалой Celsius [´selsj ∋s] – шкала Цельсия Fahrenheit [‘fær ∋nhait] - Фаренгейт degree - градус 15 0 C (Centigrade) – 15 0 по Цельсию 80 0 F (Fahrenheit) – 80 0 по Фаренгейту (27 0 по Цельсию) жүктеу/скачать 2.09 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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