Шетел тілдері кафедрасы
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- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- BOTH AND EITHER
- EACH AND EVERY
| DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUNS
Here belong the pronouns all, both, either, each, every and its compounds (everyone, everybody, everything). Most of them can be used to indicate both animate and inanimate objects. The compounds everyone and everybody have the possessive form. This group includes noun-pronouns (all, both, each, either, everybody, everyone) and adjective-pronouns (all, both, either, each, every). Unlike the indefinite and negative pronouns, the distributive pronouns are not associated with any definite types of sentences. ALL It has a generalizing force (все, всё). When used as a noun-pronoun standing for-persons ("all people") it is followed by a plural verb; when used in a general sense for things, it is followed by a singular verb. All were present. All is well that ends well. As an adjective-pronoun it is associated with both countables and uncountables and, if necessary, may be put before the noun with the definite article. All the rooms were occupied. all Europe, all the money It may also be used as an emphasizing word with the personal and demonstrative pronouns. They all saw it. Any schoolboy knows all that. BOTH AND EITHER These, pronouns are used when the speaker has in mind two, persons or things; therefore they can stand only for countables. They can be used as both noun- and adjective-pronouns. However, there is some difference in meaning between these two pronouns. The pronoun both, like the pronoun all, has a generalizing meaning, the meaning of unity. You are both young — you two. Both girls were beautiful. It may also be used as an emphasizing word with the personal pronouns we, you and they. We both know. it. You are both wrong. The pronoun either has no generalizing force; it does not unite two persons or things but, just on the contrary, emphasizes their independence. Either has the same meaning of indifference as any but is used with reference to two persons or things; it means "any one of two". "Which book would you like?" "Either will do." You can take either book; I don't mind which. I don't like either of them. There was snow on either side. . EACH AND EVERY Semantically, these two pronouns have much in common. They both correspond to the Russian каждый. Each has an individualizing meaning and can be used as both a noun- and adjective-pronoun. Every has a generalizing meaning; it can only be used as an adjective-pronoun. They are both followed by a singular verb. Two boys entered. Each (boy) was carrying a suitcase. (every could not be used here) Every (or each) man in the procession carried a torch. As shown above, each can be used for two or more persons (things) while every is not normally used for very small numbers. The generalizing meaning of every and the individualizing meaning of each are shown clearly enough in the following examples. Every day for a week he decided to make the trip to Saint Helen, but each day the sight of the lake held him. Everyone and everybody mean "all (the) people". There is no difference in meaning between them. Both are followed by a singular verb. Everybody likes him. Everyone knows that the world is round. Like all other compounds denoting persons, they can. be used in the possessive. It is everyone's duty to obey laws. Everything means "all (the) things"; it is also followed by a singular verb. Everything was ready. жүктеу/скачать 341.5 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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