The Past Perfect Tense/ The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

1. 
   My best friend, Kevin, was no longer there. He (go) away.
   
2. 
   The local cinema was no longer open. It (close) down.
   
3. 
   Mr Johnson was no longer alive. He (die).
   
4. 
   I didn't recognize Mrs Johnson. She (change) a lot.
   
5. 
   Bill no longer had his car. He (sell) it.
   

1. 
   Tom wasn't at home when I arrived. (he/just/go/out)
   
2. 
   We arrived at the cinema late. (the film/ already/begin)
   
3. 
   They weren't eating when I went to see them. (they/just/finish/their dinner)
   
4. 
   I invited Ann to dinner last night but she couldn't come. (she/already/arrange/to do something else)
   
5. 
   I was very pleased to see Nora again after such a long time. (I/not/see/her for five years)
   

“Was Tom there when you arrived?” “Yes, but he went (go) home soon afterwards.”

1. 
   The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody (go) to bed.
   
2. 
   I felt very tired when I got home, so I (go) straight to bed.
   
3. 
   Sorry I'm late. The car (break) down on my way here.
   
4. 
   There was a car by the side of the road. It (break) down and the driver was trying to repair it. So we (stop) to see if we could help.
   

1. 
   Tom was watching television. He was feeling very tired. (he/study/hard all day) He ______________.
   
2. 
   When I walked into the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody/smoke/in the room) Somebody ______________.
   
3. 
   When Mary came back from the beach, she looked very red from the sun. (she/lie/in the sun too long) ______________.
   
4. 
   The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired. (they/play/football) ______________.
   
5. 
   Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she didn't know where she was. (she/dream) ______________.
   

I tried to catch Tom but I couldn't. He was running (run) very fast.

1. 
   Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He (look) for his cigarette lighter.
   
2. 
   We (walk) along the road for about 20 minutes when a car stopped and the driver offered us a lift.
   

4. When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty but their stomachs were full. They (eat).

5. 
   When I arrived, Ann (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she (wait) for a very long time.
   

1. 
   The policeman read the suspect his rights after he (arrest) him.
   
2. 
   After John (wash) his clothes, he began to study.
   
3. 
   George (wait) for one hour before the bus came.
   
4. 
   Maria (enter) the university after she had passed her tests.
   
5. 
   Jeanette (wash) the pipettes after she had completed the experi­ment.
   
6. 
   Jane sent a letter to her university after she (receive) her schol­arship check.
   
7. 
   After the stewardesses served lunch to the passengers, they (start) eating.
   
8. 
   The car (flip) ten times before it landed on its roof.
   
9. 
   We corrected our papers after we (take) the quiz.
   
10. 
    John (live) in Miami for one year when his parents came to visit.
    

1. 
   Today is Thursday, and John (be) late twice this week; he (be) late yesterday and on Monday.
   
2. 
   I first (meet) George a month ago, and I (meet) him several times since then.
   
3. 
   It is October now, and we (do) a lot of work this year; we (do) a lot last year too.
   
4. 
   She (buy) a coat last winter, but she (not / buy) a new dress since 1992.
   
5. 
   It's only the middle of the month, and he (spend) most of his salary; he (spend) $60 yesterday. (already)
   
6. 
   I (break) my leg in 1991, but I (break) my arm. (never)
   
7. 
   He's over sixty, and he's still working. He (work) hard all his life. When he (be) a young man, he sometimes (work) all night.
   
8. 
   The postman (come) at eight yesterday, but it's now half past eight and he (not/come) yet.
   
9. 
   Today is May 25th. Ted (not/be) absent this month.
   

1. 
   After the children (go) to bed, we (watch) television.
   
2. 
   It (rain) very heavily last Monday, but it (not/rain) much since then.
   
3. 
   They (leave) Edinburg by October.
   
4. 
   Henry (play) football at school, but he (not/play) since he left school in 1994.
   
5. 
   As soon as she (pass) her driving test she (buy) a car.
   
6. 
   He (give) his daughter $3000 when she got married in 1990, but he (not/give) her any money since then.
   
7. 
   I couldn't pay for my ticket because a thief (steal) my wallet.
   
8. 
   By that time they (settle) the matter.
   
9. 
   He knew that the Browns (go) to Scotland by train.
   
10. 
    By 5 o'clock yesterday he (complete) this work.
    

1. 
   This dog is dangerous. It (bite) several people; it (bite) the post­man yesterday morning.
   
2. 
   She's going to marry next month. She (choose) her wedding dress yesterday, but she (not/choose) any other clothes yet.
   
3. 
   The police (catch) two of the escaped prisoners last night, but they (not/catch) the third yet.
   
4. 
   He borrowed $30 three months ago. He (pay) back half of it last month, but he (not/pay) back the other $15.
   
5. 
   We (not/be) to a concert for a year. The last time we (go) to a concert (be) a year ago.
   
6. 
   We (begin) to learn English three years ago.
   
7. 
   I (see) Tom in the street yesterday, but I (not/speak) to him.
   
8. 
   I (wear) this shirt for two days, but it isn't dirty yet, so I'm still wearing it today.
   

1. 
   Jim always goes to bed at 11 o'clock. Tom is going to visit him at 11.30 this evening. When Tom arrives, (Jim/go/to bed) _________.
   
2. 
   Tom is on holiday. He has very little money and he is spending too much too quickly. Before the end of his holiday, (he /spend/all his money) _________.
   
3. 
   Chuck came to Britain from the US nearly three years ago. Next Monday it will be exactly three years since he arrived. Next Monday (he/be/here/exactly three years) _________.
   

1. 
   Next year is Ted and Amy's 25^th wedding anniversary. They (to be) married for 25 years.
   
2. 
   We are late. I expect the film already (to start) by the time we get to the cinema.
   

2. 
   They (to finish) the plans by the end of the week.
   
3. 
   Before the end of his holiday Tom (to spend) all his money.
   
4. 
   By Christmas we (to work) together for ten years.
   
5. 
   The train (to leave) by the time we get to the station.
   

Only the verbs which take an object can go into Passive. Intransitive verbs (непереходные глаголы) can’t be used in the Passive Voice. They are:

• 
  to fly, to arrive
  
• 
  to be, to become
  
• 
  to have, to lack, to possess, to consist, to belong
  
• 
  to hold, to suit, to resemble, to fit
  
• 
  to appear, to seem, to come, to go, to last
  

1. 
   A decision will not ... until the next meeting.
   
2. 
   That building is dangerous. It ought to ... down before it falls down.
   
3. 
   When you go through customs, your luggage may ... by a customs officer.
   
4. 
   I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to ... up at 6.30.
   
5. 
   Her new book will probably ... into a number of foreign languages.
   
6. 
   If you kicked a policeman, you'd ... .
   
7. 
   Police are looking for the missing boy. He can't ... anywhere.
   
8. 
   Do you think that less money should ... on arms?
   
9. 
   The injured man couldn't walk and had to ... .
   
10. 
    I don't mind driving but I prefer to ... by other people.
    

No. They should have been cleaned but they weren't.

1. A: Did anyone invite Ann to the party?

B: I don't know. She ______ - I'm not sure.

2. A: Did anyone see you?

B: No, but I ______ if it hadn't been so dark.

3. A: Has someone repaired this machine?

B: Well, it's working again so it ______.

4. A: Did someone throw those old letters away?

B: Yes, but it was a mistake. They ______.

1. 
   People should send their complaints to the head office.
   

2. 
   They had to postpone the meeting because of illness.
   

3. 
   Somebody might have stolen your car if you had left the keys in it.
   

4. 
   An electrical fault could have caused the fire.
   

5. 
   They are going to hold next year's congress in San Francisco.
   

6. 
   They shouldn't have played the football match in such bad weather.
   

The police have arrested three men. Three men have been arrested by the police.

1. 
   The bill includes service. Service __________ in the bill.
   
2. 
   People don't use this road very often. This road __________.
   
3. 
   They cancelled all flights because of fog. All flights __________.
   
4. 
   Somebody accused me of stealing the money. I __________.
   
5. 
   They are building a new ring-road round the city.
   

6. I didn't realize that someone was recording our conversation. I didn't realize that our conversation __________.

6. 
   They have changed the date of the meeting. The date of the meeting __________.
   
7. 
   Brian told me that somebody had attacked and robbed him in the street.
   

1. 
   What happens to the cars produced in this factory? (most of them/export?) ____________.
   
2. 
   A: Was there any trouble at the demonstration?
   

3. 
   A: There is no longer military service in Britain.
   

4. 
   A: Did anybody call an ambulance to the scene of the accident?
   

5. 
   A: Last night someone broke into our house.
   

6. 
   Mr Kelly can't use his office at the moment, (it/redecorate)
   
7. 
   George didn't have his car yesterday, (it/service/at the garage) ____________.
   
8. 
   Where's my bicycle? It's gone! (it/steal!) ____________.
   
9. 
   The people next door disappeared six months ago. (they/not/see/since then) ____________.
   
10. 
    This room looks different, (it/paint/since I was last here?) ____________.
    
11. 
    A tree was lying across the road, (it/blow/down in the storm) ____________.
    

1. 
   They don't pay Jim very much. Jim ____________.
   

2. 
   They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview. You ____________.
   
3. 
   Nobody told me that George was ill. I ____________.
   
4. 
   His colleagues gave him a present when he retired. He ____________.
   

5. 
   We will send you your examination results as soon as they are ready. You ____________.
   
6. 
   They didn't ask me my name. I ____________.
   
7. 
   I think they should have offered Tom the job. I think Tom ____________.
   

1. 
   He came to the party without ____________.
   
2. 
   She won't go out alone after dark. She is afraid of ____________.
   
3. 
   I don't like ____________ stupid questions.
   
4. 
   Few people are prepared to work without ____________.
   
5. 
   Mr Kelly doesn't like his phone ____________by other people.
   
6. 
   Most people like ____________ presents.
   

1. 
   In his childhood he used to be beaten ... a stick.
   
2. 
   My parents were married ... a priest in a tiny little church.
   
3. 
   His bedroom wall was covered ... posters of his favourite football players.
   
4. 
   The house was surrounded ... beautiful flowerbeds.
   
5. 
   His shorts were completely covered ... mud.
   
6. 
   He had been stabbed ... a penknife.
   
7. 
   The deer was shot... a hunter ... a rifle.
   
8. 
   We were shocked ... her rude behaviour.
   
9. 
   This cathedral was designed ... Christopher Wren.
   
10. 
    Soup is eaten ... a spoon.
    

1. 
   My new computer (deliver) tomorrow.
   
2. 
   Teachers ought to (pay) a higher salary.
   
3. 
   A new drug for cancer (develop) by scientists now.
   
4. 
   Her purse (steal) on the bus some days ago.
   
5. 
   A new underground station (complete) by Christmas.
   
6. 
   The old building (pull) down recently.
   
7. 
   A lot of new houses (build) in the provinces at the present moment.
   
8. 
   This ancient settlement (find) by archaeologists before the war.
   
9. 
   Thousands of rare animals (kill) every year.
   
10. 
    The day before yesterday we (invite) to the restaurant by Tom Jenkins.
    
11. 
    The letter and the parcel (post) tomorrow.
    
12. 
    Margaret (know) to be a very industrious person.
    
13. 
    In Greece the Olympic Games (hold) once in four years.
    
14. 
    The Tower of London (build) by William the Conqueror in 1078 as a castle and palace.
    
15. 
    This story (tell) by Charles Dickens.
    
16. 
    The old man (take) to the hospital.
    
17. 
    Look! The bridge (repair).
    
18. 
    The problem (study) for three years, but they haven’t got any results.
    
19. 
    All the students (invite) to the party.
    
20. 
    Mr. Snowdon (interview) at the moment.
    
21. 
    The salad already (make).
    
22. 
    The book (discuss) yet.
    
23. 
    One of our windows (break) by the wind last night.
    
24. 
    The pre-war education and material base of the University (restore) at the end of the 1950.
    
25. 
    A new University building (construct) in the center of the city.
    
26. 
    Highly qualified specialists (train) at numerous departments and faculties of the University.
    
27. 
    None of the goals in education (achieve) quickly or easily.
    
28. 
    Much discussion (hold) now about quality of education and its influence on life quality.
    
29. 
    Ecological problems (give) much attention to lately.
    
30. 
    He told me that he (offer) a well-paid job at a publishing house.
    

10. Put the verb into the Active Voice or the Passive Voice.

1. 
   It is a big plant. Four hundred people (employ) there.
   
2. 
   Water (cover) most of the Earth's surface.
   
3. 
   The park gates (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.
   

1. 
   The parcel (post) before Christmas and it (arrive) only yester­day.
   

4. 
   The ship (sink) quickly but fortunately everybody (rescue).
   

2. 
   Brian's parents (die) when he was very young. He and his sister (bring) up by their grandparents.
   

5. 
   While I was on holiday, my camera (steal) from my hotel room.
   
6. 
   I (take) these photographs in Paris.
   
7. 
   I (bear) in Rome but I (grow) up in the north of England.
   
8. 
   They (appoint) a new director by the end of the week.
   

2. MODAL VERBS

I must hurry. I must warn him of the danger. Я должен торопиться, я обязан предупредить его об опасности.	duty, obligation (необходимость, моральная обязанность)
We have to carry out this experiment two times. Мы должны провести этот эксперимент два раза.	necessity, duty (необходимость, вызванная внутр. обстоятельствами)
The meeting is to take place at 5 p. m. Совещание должно состояться в 5 вечера.	plan, agreement (необходимость, вытекающая из заранее намеченного плана)
I can carry his heavy bag. Я смогу нести эту тяжелую сумку.	ability, capability (возможность выполнения действия благодаря физич. или умствен. способностям)
He should work harder. Ему следует работать усердно.	advice (совет)
You may use dictionaries. Вы можете пользоваться словарями.	permission, request (разрешение)

1. Give the Past Simple Tense:

1. 
   He can speak English quite well.
   
2. 
   He is to be at home at 7 o'clock.
   
3. 
   She has to work at home today.
   
4. 
   They must be very attentive at the lessons.
   

2. Complete the following sentences according to the models:

Model I: I have missed many lessons and now I have to work very hard.

The results of their experiments were bad, they had to repeat them.

1. 
   He has worked very hard this month, he ... a little now.
   
2. 
   This substance is very dirty, if you want to use it, you . . . before the experi­ment.
   
3. 
   They used analytical balances as they . . . very minute quanti­ties.
   
4. 
   The water is very cold, you . . . before drinking it.
   

Model II: I cannot attend the lecture as I am to be at home at six.

1. 
   Don't be late, the meeting ... at five sharp.
   
2. 
   He ... his re­search work by the end of this year, that's why he is so busy.
   
3. 
   The tem­perature ... to 100°C if you want to finish your experiment in time.
   
4. 
   Don't you know that she ... at three, it will take her an hour to get here.
   

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