Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов заочного отделения высших учебных заведений
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- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Образование: To be + V3 (Past Participle)
- Practice
- Прочитайте и запомните следующие идиомы
- Lesson 29
- Reporting questions
Lesson 28The Passive VoiceПассивный залог — The Passive Voice — употребляется: — с большинством переходных глаголов (глагол + прямое дополнение), когда само действие более важно, чем субъект этого действия (производитель): This helicopter was designed in Russia; — когда производитель действия неизвестен: The manuscripts were found in 19th century; — если информация о субъекте действия важна, то она вводится предлогом by: This wedding cake will be baked by the best cooks. Образование: To be + V3 (Past Participle)
Если в предложении два возможных субъекта, предмет или лицо, то подлежащим в пассивном залоге становится лицо: I was given a prize. Пассивный залог может употребляться с модальными глаголами, предложение строится по следующей схеме: Modal verb + be + Past Participle
Practice:1. Измените залог в предложениях, следуя модели: Model: Somebody broke that window yesterday — That window was broken yesterday. 1. Sarah invited Jane to her party. 2. Someone has written a book about the first American president. 3. Police arrests people every day. 4. Someone stole my car last night. 5. We will paint a house tomorrow. 2. Работайте с партнером. Составьте собственные диалоги из данных слов, следуя модели: Model: — Do you want me to feed Rover? — No. Don’t worry about it. He’s already been fed. — Do you want me to ______________________? — No. Don’t worry about it. _________________. Make the bed, do the dishes, take the garbage out, wake the children up, carve the chicken. 3. Составьте из данных слов вопросы в пассивном залоге: Model: Question: The new road / still / build? … Is the new road still being built? ... Answer: Yes, they haven’t finished it yet. Question: Where / the first car / manufacture? … . Answer: In the USA. Question: how many mobile phones / sell/ recently? … .
Answer: Millions! Question: Who penicillin / discover / by? … .
Answer: By Alexander Fleming. Question: When / cure / find / for Aids? … .
Answer: Very soon, I hope. Question: When / the first real computers / build? … .
Answer: During the Second World War. Прочитайте и запомните следующие идиомы:Cool it — to relax, calm down; to stop being so exited or angry. Make ends meet — to earn just enough to live within one’s income. Lock, stock and barrel — the whole of sth; all the parts of a thing; everything. Pass the hat — to ask for contributions. Penny for your thoughts — What are you thinking? Tell me what is on your mind. Lesson 29Reported Speech. Reporting questionsКосвенная речь используется для передачи чужой речи. После глаголов, вводящих косвенную речь (reporting verbs) в форме настоящего времени, время глагола в придаточном предложении не меняется: She says «I love him». → She says she loves him. Если глагол в предложении, вводящий косвенную речь, употреблен в прошедшем времени, форма в придаточном смещается на один шаг: Present Continuous → Past Continuous
Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous «I was sleeping,» she told me. → She told me that she had been sleeping. Present Simple → Past Simple «I want to buy it,» he told me → He said that he wanted to buy it. Past Simple → Past Perfect «I saw your sister». → He said he had seen my sister. Present Perfect → Past Perfect «You’ve won the second prize,» the man announced → The man announced that they had won the second prize. Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous «I have been driving for five years,» he said → He said that he had been driving for five years. Future Simple → Future in the Past «We’ll buy you a car,» parents promised. → Parents promised that they would buy me a car. Изменения в обстоятельствах места и времени при изменении прямой речи в косвенную: here there now then this / these that / those today that day tomorrow the next day/the following day yesterday the day before/the previous day last week the week before ago before Если при переходе в косвенную речь меняется субъект предложения, то используется придаточное с союзом that: «We’ll go with you.» → They agreed to go with me. «You can go with us!» → They agreed that I should go with them. Модальные глаголы would, could, might, ought, should не меняются в косвенной речи, остальные меняются следующим образом: must → had to «I must go.» → He said he had to go. can → could «I can do it». →He said he could do it. may→ might «I may do it». → He said he might do it. Reporting questionsКосвенные вопросы начинаются со следующих выражений: Can you tell me what time the film starts? (сравни: What time does the film start?) I’d like to know where I can buy tickets? (сравни: Where can I buy tickets?) Could you tell me if / whether she is going to call me tonight? (сравни: Is she going to call me tonight?) Could you tell me how to get to the theatre? / how I get to the theatre? (сравни: How do I get to the theatre?) В косвенных вопросах не ставится знак «?». Грамматические формы изменяются так же, как и в утвердительных предложениях с косвенной речью; порядок слов такой же, как и в утвердительном предложении. Союзы if или whether используются для общих вопросов (yes/no): «Are you okay?» → He asked me if I was okay. «Where do you live?» → He wanted to know where I lived. «Are you a headmaster?» → He asked me if/whether I was a headmaster. Косвенное выражение вежливой просьбы, совета или предупреждения строится по схеме: ask/tell/advise/warn + object (дополнение)+ infinitive
«Be careful!» → He advised/warned us to be careful. Practice:1. Работайте с партнером. Завершите диалог, следуя модели: Model: — I forgot to tell you. _______________ called yesterday. — Really? What did she say? — She said/told (that) ____________________________ .
— I forgot to tell you. _ Christina __ called yesterday. — Really? What did she say? — She said/told (that) _she thought she was falling in love with me__ .
2. Прочитайте текст. Найдите предложения с косвенной речью: GOOD ADVICE Sue had a bad stomachache yesterday afternoon. She called her doctor and asked him what she should do. Her doctor told her to rest in bed. He also told her not to eat too much for dinner. And he told her to call him in the morning if she was still sick. Sue felt better after speaking with her doctor. She’s glad she can always depend on him for good advice.
1. «This spot is the best place for a picnic». My mother said……………………. 2. «If I were you, I wouldn’t drink so much». He advised his friend……………… 3. «Can you answer the phone? I’m having a shower!» He asked his son………………….
English students: «Don’t give us any homework this weekend! We are tired of English grammar!» A: I’m a little annoyed at my English students … . B: How come? A: They … told me not to give them any homework this weekend … . B: Why did … they … tell you that? A: They said (that) … they were tired of English grammar … .
5. Два подростка потерялись в лесу и потом нашлись. Прочитайте, что они сказали репортеру, и передайте это в косвенной речи, используя слова said, explained, told the reporters:
6. Составьте прямые вопросы, которые репортер задал подросткам. Затем переделайте их в косвенные, используя глаголы asked them, wanted to know, wondered: Model: How/you/get lost? → How did you get lost? → The reporter asked them how they had got lost. How long/you/be/here? What/you/eat? you/hurt/yourselves/while/you/in/forest? How/you/feel/now/about your adventure? What/you/look forward to doing next? 7. Работайте с партнером. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос: «What questions did the interviewer ask?» THE JOB INTERVIEW John had a job interview a few days ago at the United Insurance Company. The interview lasted almost an hour, and John had to answer a lot of questions. First, the interviewer asked John where he had gone to school. Then, she asked if he had had any special training. She asked where he had worked. She also asked whether he was willing to move to another city. She wanted to know if he could work overtime and weekends. She asked him how his health was. She asked him whether he had ever been fired. She wanted to know why he had had four different jobs in the past year. And finally, the interviewer asked the most difficult question. She wanted to know why John thought he was more qualified for the position than the other sixty-two people who had applied.
My children have promised me … . I would advise my friends not to … . After breakfast, my husband always asks … . My mother has offered … . Прочитайте и запомните следующие идиомы:Make heads or tails out of something — to understand how something works; to figure something out. Pie in the sky — sth not possible; an unpleasant hope. Stick-in-the-mud — a person with old-fashioned ideas who avoids anything new, ignores progress, and fights change. Turn over a new leaf — to correct one’s behavior or attitude; to begin anew’ to make a fresh start. Two-faced — false; dishonest. жүктеу/скачать 1.19 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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