Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов заочного отделения высших учебных заведений



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Lesson 30

Conditionals


В английском языке есть конструкции, которые используются, чтобы сказать о вероятности, возможности/невозможности свершения событий в настоящем или будущем.

First Conditional — выражает реальное условие. Используется, чтобы говорить о событиях, которые возможны в настоящем или будущем.

Conditional clause / Придаточное условия

Main clause / Главное предложение

If + Present Simple

Will + infinitive

If it rains,

we will stay at home.

If I see Peter

I’ll tell him all the news.

Possible condition

Result

Обратите внимание:


Глагол to be имеет форму were для всех лиц:

If I were you (but I am not you) I would marry him.
Second Conditional — выражает нереальное условие на настоящий момент. Используется, чтобы говорить о ситуациях, которые маловероятны в настоящем или будущем.

Conditional clause / Придаточное условия

Main clause / Главное предложение

If + Past Simple

Would + Infinitive

If I had enough money,

I would retire.

Вместо would можно использовать модальные глаголы:

If I lost my job, I might go abroad for a while.




If I won £ 10000

I would travel round the world

Possible, but not probable

Result

Условие нереально, потому что:

оно теоретически возможно, но практически маловероятно:

If I were Prime Minister I would raise teachers’ salaries;

— это невозможное предположение, не имеющее отношения к действительности:



If you came from my country you would understand us better.

Сравните:



First Conditional: — What will you do if you run out of money?

— If I run out of money I’ll call my mother.



Second Conditional: — What would you do if you saw a ghost?

— If I saw a ghost I would talk to it.


Practice:


1. Работайте с партнером. Прочитайте диалог и подчеркните в нем формы First Conditional. Переведите его:

A: Are you going to the football pools, Brian?

B: Yes, I’m sure we shall win something this week.

A: What will you do if you win a lot of money?

B: If I win a lot of money I shall buy you a mink coat.

A: I don’t want a mink coat! I want to see the world.

B: All right. If we win a lot of money we shall travel around the world. And we shall stay at the best hotels. Then we shall return home and buy a big house in the country. And……

A: But if we spend all that money we shall be poor again. What shall we do then?

B: If we spend all the money we shall try and win the football pools again.
2. Работайте с партнером. Прочитайте диалог и составьте собственные диалоги по вопросам, выражающим аналогичную ситуацию:

Model: A: Do you think the boss would be angry if I went home early?

B: Yes, I do. As a matter of fact, I think he’d be very angry.

A: Do you really think so?

B: Yes. I’m positive. I wouldn’t go home early if I were you.

A: I suppose you are right.
A: Do you think Mom and Dad would be angry if I borrowed the car?

B: Do you think Bob would be jealous if I took out his girlfriend?

A: Do you think my parents would be disappointed if I dropped out of university?

B: Do you think the landlord would be upset if I painted the kitchen purple?

A: Do you think Tom would be embarrassed if I showed his girlfriend a photograph of him in the bathtub when he was two years ago?

B: Do you think the voters would be upset if I raised taxes?


3. Закончите предложения, следуя модели:

Model: — What are they going to name their new baby?

If … will.. .

— If they have a boy, they’ll name him Bob. If they have a girl, they’ll name her Carmen.
— What are John and Sally going to do tomorrow?

If it rains, they’ll … .

If it is shining, they’ll … .
— What is he going to do with his old car?

If he doesn’t sell it, he’ll … .

If he sells it, he’ll … .
— What are they going to wear tomorrow?

If it’s hot, … .

If it’s cold, … .
— What’s Ann going to have for dinner tonight?

It she’s very hungry, … .

If she isn’t very hungry … .

4. Прочитайте информацию о плохих и хороших приметах. Закончите предложения. Расскажите группе, какие приметы вы знаете:

If your right eye itches, you’ll laugh soon.

If your left eye itches, _______________
If your right ear itches, somebody is saying good things about you.

If your left ear itches, ___________________________________


If a knife falls, a man will visit soon.

If a fork falls, __________________

If a spoon falls, _________________
You’ll have bad luck …

if a black cat walks in front of you.

You’ll have good luck …



if you find a four-leaf clever.


5. Прочитайте следующий текст и перескажите его:

Ronald wants to stay up late to watch a movie tonight, but he knows he shouldn’t. If he stays up late to watch a movie, he won’t get to bed until after midnight. If he doesn’t get to bed until after midnight, he’ll probably be very tired in the morning. If he’s very tired in the morning, he might oversleep. If he oversleeps, he’ll be late for work. If he’s late for work, his boss might get angry and fire him. So, even though Ronald wants to stay up late to watch a movie, he isn’t going to. Too bad!
6. Напишите о вещах, которые вы хотели бы сделать, но знаете, что не должны:

TOO BAD


I want to __________, but I know I shouldn’t. If ________, __________.

If ________________, _____________. If ________________________.

So, even I though I want to _____________, I’m not going to. Too bad!
7. Запишите два предложения, используя данную информацию. Первое предложение должно выражать вероятное событие. Второе менее вероятное, но возможное:

Model: we leave at eight/we arrive on time

likely: If we leave at eight o’clock, we’ll arrive on time.

less likely: If we left at eight o’clock, we’d arrive on time.

1. You fall/break your leg.

2. I drink too much wine/I feel sleepy.

3. You get the job/you have more freedom.


Прочитайте и запомните следующие идиомы:


Down the drain — lost forever; wasted.

Head over heels in love — completely and helplessly in love.

In a nutshell — in a very few words; briefly; clearly and to the point.

Jump the gun — to do or say something before you should; to act prematurely or hastily.

Lend an ear — to listen and pay attention to.


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