Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов 2 курса факультета математики и информационных технологий Уфа риц башгу 2020
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- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Non-Euclidean Geometry
| Major Branches of Geometry
Plane Geometry - deals with the properties of plane figures or geometrical shapes of two dimensions, such as angles, triangles, square, polygons, conic sections, etc. Solid Geometry - deals with the properties of geometrical shapes of three dimensions, such as cones, pyramids, cylinders, prism, spheres, etc. Euclidean Geometry - a geometry that is based on the assumptions of Euclid, who, about 300 B.C., collected the mathematical knowledge of that time in the 13-volume "Elements". The problem of this type can be solved by logical reasoning from an initial core of postulates (axioms), a method commonly referred to as the classical axiomatic method of Euclid. Non-Euclidean Geometry - a geometry that is not based on the assumption of Euclid. Projective Geometry - deals with the study of those properties of plane figures that are unchanged when a given set of points is projected onto a second plane. Trigonometry - a branch of mathematics that studies relationships involving lengths and angles of triangles. The field emerged during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomical studies. The 3rd century astronomers first noted that the lengths of the sides of a right angle triangle and the angles between those sides have fixed relationships: that is, if at least the length of one side and the value of one angle is known all other angles and lengths can be determined algorithmically. These calculations soon came to be defined as the trigonometric functions and today are pervasive in both pure and applied mathematics: fundamental methods of analysis such as the Fourier Transform, for example, or the wave equation, use trigonometric functions to understand cyclical phenomena across a great many applications in fields as diverse as physics, mechanical and electrical engineering, music and acoustics, astronomy, ecology and biology. Trigonometry is also the foundation of the practical art of surveying. жүктеу/скачать 0.59 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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