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QOSIMBETOVA A., BERDIEVA G.
(NÓKIS, ÓZBEKSTAN)
USE OF THE NAME OF SOME ANIMALS IN PHRASEOLOGICAL
UNITS OF THE KARAKALPAK LANGUAGE
The special section of a present Karakalpak lexicology is phraseological units. If
to consider researches about phraseological units, then it is possible to note the
following scientific works: Zh.Eshbayev’s "Qaraqalpaq tilinid qisqasha
frazeologiyalıq sózligi" (1985), E.Berdimuratov’s "Házirgi zaman qaraqalpaq tilinid
leksikologiyası" (1968), S.Nauryzbayeva’s "Фразеологические еденицы в
каракалпакско-русском
словаре"
(1972),
N.Zhumamuratov’s
"Русско-
каракалпакский фразеологический словарь для школьников" (1988),
G.Aynazarova’s "Qaraqalpaq tilinde tedleseki komponentli frazeologizmler" (2005),
B.Yusupova’s "Qaraqalpaq tilinid frazeologiyasi" (2014). Follows, various phrases
and their uses in the Karakalpak language, feature of their contents, diversity of their
structure were versatily studied.
In our article we will tell about use of names of animals and their values as a
part of phraseological units. Fauna, their distinctions, are generally versatily studied
in zoology. Also, a special role of animals in formation of informal conversation of
the people. For example, names of animals are widely used in proverbs and sayings:
Eshek awnaģan jerde túk qalar; At aynalıp qazıģın tabar; Iyt opa, qatın japa; Bóri
arıģın bildirmes. In oral speech, that is in a vulgarism by means of such phrases as
iyttiń balası, malday awnap, shoshqaday semirip critically are considered actions of
the person.
They can also be met in phraseological phrases. For example, the horse, and his
different breeds, is one of those animals which the
Karakalpak people used as
transport. Therefore, the people in phraseological units widely use such phrases as
at
basınday (big, huge, special),
at keynine saldı (to humiliate),
atqa mindi (to be in the
first row),
atqa shıqqan (dear, known),
at quyrıģın kesti (to offend),
erden túspedi (to
be stubborn),
at terletti (to pass long distance),
at shaptırım jer (the long distance, far
away). In above-mentioned phrases it is possible to learn about appearance and use of
this animal that by it there went official people, shortened a long distance. In the
following phrases where names of animals are often used by people:
awızın buwģan
ógizdey (to be silent, not to speak),
ayaģın ógiz basqanday (to shout loudly),
ayaģı
kúygen tawıqtay (to be restless). At the same time, still in the Karakalpak speech it is
possible to hear phraseological units with use of names of such animals as donkey, a
dog, a snake.
For example, the common livestock people when transporting goods or a harvest
used a donkey as labor. This species of an animal also used as a transport. Now
generally it is used in rural areas. In the Karakalpak language such phrases as
eshegi
jorģaladı (lucky) or
eshegi jorģalamadı (unlucky) meet,
eshekke teris mingizdi (to
slander),
eshekke waz oqıģanday (do not understand),
eshekke aytqanday (does not
understand, not to explain),
eshek qılıp mindi (to slander).
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Also phraseological units are used for increase in sensitivity
and to transfer a
general meaning in a word. For example, phraseological units which are expressed
with the help of a word “a dog” are listed below:
Iyt azabı (very difficult, suffering), i
yt azabın berdi (to suffer),
iyt áwere (to
fuss),
iyt boldı (to humiliate),
iyt emgen (immoral, dissolute),
iyt janlı (nobody
needs),
iytine deyin biledi (all know, well known),
iyt otladı (affairs go well),
iytke
teńgermedi (neglect, to ignore),
iyt kúnin basın saldı (tormented),
iytli-pıshıqlı boldı
(to swear),
iyt masqara boldı (was dishonored, felt ashamed),
iyt minez (angry),
iyt
mutı (very cheap),
iyt ólgen jer (far),
iyt penen qus (everyone),
iyt tiydi (to overlook)
iytten bir súyek qarizdar (to be in debt).
Means, about existence of a dog in human life since early time and the fact that
this animal is tamed for the first time, testifies not only historical scientific materials,
but also lexical units.
Also, the animal which is often used in phrases is reptiles animal - a snake.
There are such phrases which are formed by means of
the name of this animal as jılan
jalaģanday (very clean, smooth),
jılan jutıp otırdı (to worry, be anxious),
jılannıń
mayın jalaģanday (dual, cunning). Phraseological units as
qara qumırsqaday (the set,
is plentiful),
pıshıq murnı batpaytuǵın (thick),
toyģan qoziday (quiet, silent, it do not
care with anything),
túyeden postın taslaģanday (it is inappropriate, inopportunely),
túyeni túgi menen jutadı (insatiable, the glutton),
tıshqan tesigi mıń teńge boldı (to be
nervous),
tayaģın iyt ģayzap júr (the idler) popularly were often used in.
Thus, above-mentioned phraseological units show the way of life of people,
together with determination of social level they designate a rich lexicon. And use of
names of animals in such phraseological units confirm continuous interaction of the
person with the nature.
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