Элективный курс английский язык география

ОТКРЫТАЯ (СМЕННАЯ) ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА

ЭЛЕКТИВНЫЙ КУРС
СТРАНЫ, ГДЕ ГОВОРЯТ

ПО-АНГЛИЙСКИ

Преподаватель:

Колчанова

Татьяна

Юрьевна
Г.
Общие положения.


Цели курса:
1.Воспитание глобального мышления через познание культур стран, говорящих по-английски.

2.Подготовка молодежи к жизни в условиях многонационального социума.

3.Совершенствование знаний по английскому языку и географии.
Задачи:
1.Научить практически применять на практике знания, полученные на уроках английского языка и географии.

2.Учить работать с дополнительной литературой, сетью Интернет для получения нужной информации.

3.Воспитывать толерантность через совместную подготовку проектов по темам курса.

Организация работы
Занятия добровольные, 1 учебный час в неделю. Курс рассчитан на 16 учебных часов (1 семестр). Слушателями курса могут быть все желающие учащиеся 3 ступени.
Формами проведения занятий могут быть: консультирование, практические и семинарские занятия, беседы, деловые игры, социологические исследования процессов и т. д.
Прогнозируемые трудности
При организации курса возможна частая смена состава слушателей, нерегулярное посещение занятий, что может отразиться на результатах работы и качестве полученных знаний.

КАЛЕНДАРНО-ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ПЛАН

Австралия	1 занятие 2 занятие 3 занятие 4 занятие	Обзорная лекция Семинар Подготовка проекта Презентация проекта
Великобритания	1 занятие 2 занятие 3 занятие 4 занятие	Обзорная лекция Семинар Подготовка проекта Презентация проекта
США	1 занятие 2 занятие 3 занятие 4 занятие	Обзорная лекция Семинар Подготовка проекта Презентация проекта
Канада	1 занятие 2 занятие 3 занятие 4 занятие	Обзорная лекция Семинар Подготовка проекта Презентация проекта

«Австралия – далекая страна»

Форма проведения занятий: деловая игра с элементами конференции и интеллектуальной игры. Урок проводится в виде презентации туристическими агентствами тура по Австралии, где рекламой является проект, который учащиеся подготовили для потенциальных туристов, в роли которых выступают приглашенные на урок. Они должны выбрать тур того агентства, реклама которого понравилась им больше.
Цели:

• 
  Осознание ценности своей культуры в контексте общемировой.
  
• 
  Расширение страноведческих и лингвострановедческих знаний учащихся.
  
• 
  Обобщение информации об Австралии.
  

Задачи:

• 
  В ходе подготовки активизировать познавательную деятельность учащихся, развивать их умение работать со справочной и научной литературой.
  
• 
  Развивать творческую активность учащихся в ходе подготовки проекта.
  
• 
  Прививать навыки публичных выступлений, в том числе и на английском языке.
  

.
Оборудование и оформление кабинета:

- карта Австралии;

- флаг Австралии;

-магнитофон и аудиокассеты с записями музыки австралийских исполнителей (Кайли Миноук);

- стенд с английскими словами, где подчеркнуты лексические различия между стандартным английским языком и его австралийским вариантом;

- постеры, плакаты и буклеты с видами Австралии, изготовленные учащимися для защиты проекта – туристическая фирма представляет рекламу тура по Австралии;

- атласы, контурные карты, учебники географии, учебники английского языка;

- рабочие столы туристических агентств.

1. 
   Презентации туристических агенств, в ходе которых представлены сообщения :
   
   • 
     Канберра – столица Австралии;
     
   • 
     Климат и географическое положение Австралии;
     
   • 
     История Австралии;
     
   • 
     Система образования;
     
   • 
     Русские в Австралии;
     
   • 
     Олимпийские игры 2000:
     
   • 
     Животный мир Австралии;
     
   • 
     Искусство составления букетов.
     

2. 
   Викторина «Знаешь ли ты Австралию?»
   
3. 
   Заполнение контурных карт Австралии на английском языке.
   
4. 
   Подведение итогов: каждое агентство получает жетоны различного цвета за каждый конкурс: красный – отлично, зеленый – хорошо, синий – удовлетворительно. При подведении итогов учитывается большее количество набранных красных жетонов. Приглашенные объявляют о своем выборе тура по Австралии от того агентства, реклама которого произвела на них большее впечатление.
   
5. 
   Подведение итогов урока, объявление результатов, награждение.
   

Литература:

1. 
   Гладкий Ю.Н., Лавров С.Б. Экономическая и социальная география мира. М., Просвещение, 1993.
   
2. 
   Т.Б.Клементьева. Счастливый английский. Книга 3. Обнинск, «Титул», 1998.
   
3. 
   В.П.Максаковский. Экономическая и социальная география мира. М., Просвещение, 2000.
   
4. 
   А.П.Кузнецов. География. Население и хозяйство мира. 10 класс. М., Дрофа, 1999.
   
5. 
   И.В.Душина, В.А.Коринская, В.А.Щенев. География. Наш дом – Земля. Материки, океаны, народы и страны. 7 класс. М., Дрофа. 1996.
   
6. 
   Е.А.Дураев. Урок на тему «Природные рекорды Австралии и Океании». Журнал «География в школе» № 2. 2000, ст. 82.
   
7. 
   http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/au.html
   

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ



Практические и творческие задания туристическим фирмам

1. 
   На контурной карте мира нанесите рекомендуемый маршрут тура «Прикамье – Австралия» с указанием видов транспорта и пунктов пересадки.
   
2. 
   На контурной карте Австралии нанесите маршрут путешествия с указанием достопримечательностей, посетить которые они рекомендуют туристам.
   

Сидней. Оперный театр.

3. Какими сувенирами вы обменялись бы с австралийцами?

4. Как вы думаете, что было бы интересно жителям Австралии узнать о Прикамье?

Викторина «Знаешь ли ты Австралию»

1. 
   Какие растения встречаются только в Австралии? (Многие виды эвкалипта).
   
2. 
   Какие животные обитают только в Австралии? (Кенгуру, утконос, ехидна).
   
3. 
   Укажите основную земледельческую культуру Австралии. (Пшеница).
   
4. 
   Каким образом распределяется население на материке? (в, ю-в, ю-з окраины).
   
5. 
   Главная река Австралии? (Муррей).
   
6. 
   Главное озеро? (Эйр)
   
7. 
   Что характерно для населения, как географической категории? (Низкая плотность).
   
8. 
   Какая отрасль животноводства занимает ведущее место в сельском хозяйстве Австралии? (Овцеводство).
   
9. 
   Назовите самый крупный город-порт Австралии. (Сидней).
   
10. 
    Назовите полезные ископаемые, которыми располагает Австралия. (Каменный уголь, нефть, газ).
    
11. 
    Кто из ученых исследовал Австралию? (Голландец Абель Тасман, англичанин Джеймс Кук).
    
12. 
    Какой климат преобладает в Австралии? (Тропический, сухой).
    
13. 
    Каково соотношение площади Австралии с другими материками? (Самый малый).
    
14. 
    Как меняется климат Австралии при продвижении на север? (Становится жарче).
    
15. 
    Сколько государств расположено на материке? (Одно Австралия).
    
16. 
    Какие города претендовали на роль столицы? (Сидней и Мельбурн).
    
17. 
    Назовите столицу Австралии? (Канберра).
    
18. 
    В какой регион Направляет Австралия свой основной поток экспорта капитала? (Юго-восточная Азия).
    
19. 
    Какие государства играют основную роль во внешнеторговом обороте Австралии? (Япония, США, Великобритания).
    
20. 
    Какова политическая система Австралии? (Конституционная монархия).
    
21. 
    В каком году в Австралии проходили летние Олимпийские игры? (2000).
    

Australia’s Info
Australia became a commonwealth of the British Empire in 1901. It was able to take advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop its agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the British effort in World Wars I and II. Long-term concerns include pollution, particularly depletion of the ozone layer, and management and conservation of coastal areas, especially the Great Barrier Reef. A referendum to change Australia's status, from a commonwealth headed by the British monarch to a republic, was defeated in 1999.
Area

total: 7,686,850 sq km
water: 68,920 sq km
note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island
land: 7,617,930 sq km
Climate

generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north

Elevation Extremes:

lowest point: Lake Eyre -15 m
highest point: Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
Natural Recourses:

bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum

Land Use:

arable land: 6.88%
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 93.09% (1998 est.)
Geography-Note:

world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; regular, tropical, invigorating, sea breeze known as "the Doctor" occurs along the west coast in the summer

Population:

19,731,984 (July 2003 est.)

Age Structure:

0-14 years: 20.2% (male 2,045,783; female 1,949,864)
15-64 years: 67.1% (male 6,680,531; female 6,553,141)
65 years and over: 12.7% (male 1,099,275; female 1,403,390) (2003 est)
The Land:

Australia is the only nation that occupies a whole continent. It’s an island of 7.7 million square kilometers. It is the sixth largest country in the world after Russia, Canada, China, the USA and Brazil. It is located to the south of Asia, between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Australia is the flattest continent after Antarctica. It is also the world’s driest continent.

Climate:

The climate in Australia is varied, from tropical in the north to temperate in the south-east. Australia is situated in the southern hemisphere. That’s why it has summer when we have winter.

The People:

Australia has a population of more than 19 million people. 70 per cent of the population live in its 10 largest cities. Canberra is the capital of Australia. It is not the biggest city. Sydney and Melbourne are much bigger. Australia is a multicultural society. People from about 200 nations live here. The Aborigines, the Australian natives, represent about 1,5 per cent of the population.

Language:

Australia’s official language is English. Australian English doesn’t differ significantly from other forms of English, although some expressions are unique to Australia.

National Colours:

In 1984 Australia officially adopted green and gold as its national colours.

Sports:

Australians love to play and watch sports. In 1956 the Olympic Games were held in Melbourne. In 2000 the Olympic Games were held in Sydney.

AUSTRALIA’S UNIQUE HISTORY
Captain James Cook discovered Australia in 1770. He was sent to discover the huge land that many people believed was south of he equator. He landed south of present Sydney in New South Wales. He claimed this part of the land for the King of England.

At this time England was having many social problems. Unemployment was high. Crime was one of the greatest problems. The government punished people by sending them to prison. England’s solution to crowded prisons was to send prisoners to the far colonies. They could work off their prison sentences as laborers in the new colonies and eventually earn their freedom. There for in 1788 Captain Arthur Phillip commanded eleven ships to Australia. About 750 of the 1000 people on the ships were convict. These first settlers were greeted by the Aborigines, the first inhabitants of Australia. There were an estimated 300,000 Aborigines living in Australia at that time.

Great Britain claimed all of Australia in 1827. In 1851 gold was discovered about 300 km west of Sydney. People rushed to the gold fields to fond their fortunes. This fact attracted robbers called bushrangers.

In 1901 Australia became a nation within the British Empire under Queen Victoria’s rule. It was called the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia had a very limited constitution. Great Britain continued to make decisions regarding all of Australia’s foreign affairs.

In 1931 Australia gained independence from Great Britain.

Now Australia is a Constitutional Monarchy. Governor-general represents the power of the Queen of England in Australia.

AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH
What makes Australian English different from other Englishes of the world? Well – its history for a start. When the British government established a convict settlement at Sydney Cove they did not think about the linguistic consequences. As time went by, the convict and settlers took English and adapted it to their new home by changing the meaning of words or borrowing new ones to suit.

An easy way for English to expand in Australia to meet the needs of the settlers was to borrow from the Aboriginal languages, particularly in describing the flora and fauna. Some animals were named this way, such as, kangaroo, koala and wombat. The kookaburra, a popular Australian bird that sounds like a human laughing, was also named this way.

If you visit Australia you might notice that there are differences between the older generation and the younger generation, and between the people who live in the city and those who live in the bush (country). It seems that the younger generation living in the cities tend to take their fashionable colloquialisms from America.

It is noticeable that, despite of the size of Australia, everyone sounds the same. The spelling on the whole reflects British traditions but Australian English is influenced by American English. The present variant is somewhere between the two: they spell “colour” as “color”, but “metre” not “meter”.

CANBERRA – THE CAPITAL

OF AUSTRALIA
Canberra is the home of Australia’s government and embassies from around the world. The centerpiece of the city is the new Parliament Hose , which was open in 1988. This is where Australia’s government meets. Canberra is also the “natural capital” and is within easy reach of some Australia’s most spectacular countryside.

The air here is crisp and fresh. No wonder the people of Canberra love to spend their time outdoors! There are many fine museums in Canberra. Australia’s national landmarks are located here: the National Gallery, the National Science and Technology Centre, the High Court and the Old Parliament House.

The city was designed by an American, and is called a “cyclist’s paradise” because of its city plan.


EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA
Each state and territory in Australia makes its own laws about education. There are private schools in addition to public schools. Children between the age of six and fifteen are required to attend school with the exception of Tasmania, where children attend school until the age of sixteen. Kindergarten is not required.

Australia’s four-term school year begins in February, and has two-week holidays between terms. The fourth and final term ends around December 20. The Christmas holiday coincides with the end of a school and the beginning of the summer vacation. The students return to school in February.

Australia’s primary or elementary school consists of grades one through six. Secondary school consists of grade seven through twelve. All secondary students wear uniform to school.

Large schools are found in cities along the coast. One teacher schools are located in farther out in the countryside. A teacher in the country may teach all the grades, with only one or two students in each grade. Students living far from the city attend “Schools by the Air”. They listen to the teacher on the radio each day when it’s time for school. Students have their own books. They answer questions over the microphone. The teacher assigns homework to do. The completed homework is mailed to the teacher. It is discussed over the microphone, corrected and mailed back.

RUSSIANS IN AUSTRALIA
Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay (1846-1888) was an outstanding Russian scientist. Humanist and traveler. He was also anthropologist and zoologist. He is widely known in Russia and abroad.

In 1871 he went to New Guinea, where he spent 15 months. The people of New Guinea remember the first European who stepped on their land and lived among them as their devoted friend. The bay where he lived has been named “Maclay Coast”. Stamps have been printed in his honour and there are many legends about him among the Papuans.

Nikolai Maklouho-Maclay won the trust and admiration of the local people in New Guinea. And, in spite of the fact he caught malaria in New Guinea and was very ill, he wrote, “…in no other corner of the globe where I have had to live during my wonderings, have I ever felt such an affection as to a coast of New Guinea”.

His continuing ill-health forced Maclay to move to the more temperate climate of Australia. He came to Sydney in 1878, where he took part in the intellectual and scientific life of the city. He became interested in the well-being of the native Aboriginal people in Australia and sought protection to them. He also proposed the establishment of a marine biological station in Sydney and worked there for several years. Miklouho-Maclay was married in 1884. His two sons were born in Sydney.

Miklouho-Maclay eventually returned to Russia to supervise the publication of his works. His diaries, letters and documents have been published and several books were written about him. There is a collection of his papers in Sydney. The rest of the scientific and ethnographic material is now housed in Russia.

Miklouho-Maclay died in Russia in 1888 at the age og 42. The Institute of Ethnography in St.Petersburg is named in his honour and many streets in Russia are named after him. In honour of the 150^th anniversary of Miklouho-Maclay’s birth a bronze sculpture was brought to Sydney from Russia.

After his death Miklouho-Maclay’s wife returned to Sydney. Now his grandsons live in Australia with their families.

OLYMPIC GAMES IN AUSTRALIA, SYDNEY
Sydney, Australia, was the host for the games of the 27^th Olympiad. The games were held for 17 days from the Opening Ceremony on Friday, 15 September 2000 to the Closing Ceremony on Sunday, 1 October. It was the second time Australia has hosted the Games. In 1956 the Games were held in Melbourne, capital of the State Victoria. They became known as the friendly Games.

Australia has enjoyed a long connection with the Olympics. It took part in the 1896 Games in Athens and is one of the only few countries to have attended every one since. It is also the consistent medal winner – 27 at the Barcelona Games in 1992 and 41 in Atlanta in 1996. In 1956 Australia finished third in the overall and gold medal counts.

The Sydney 2000 Games were followed by the Paralympics Games for disabled athletes. Ninety per cent of Australians favored Sydney’s bid for the Games and more than 100,000 volunteers offered their services at that time.

The following statistics indicates the task that was facing Sydney:

• 
  About 200 countries participated;
  
• 
  There were 10,000 athletes and 5,000 officials;
  
• 
  3,5 billion TV viewers watched the Games around the world;
  
• 
  40,000 volunteers assisted in the staging of the Games;
  
• 
  15,000 members of the media covered the event.
  

There were 27 sports on the program for the 2000 Olympic Games ranging from Archery to Weightlifting. Triathlon and Taekwondo were contested in Sydney for the first time at any Olympic Games. The 2000 Olympic games were focused on two primary zones – Sydney Olympic Park and the Sydney Harbour Zone – only 14 km apart and connected by road, rail and water transport services. Only shooting, canoeing, rowing, mountain bike and equestrian events were held away from these two zones. Sydney Olympic Park at Homebush was built on former industrial land, the rehabilitation of which was seen as a major environmental triumph for Sydney. The Olympic Stadium provides seating for 110,000 spectators, and the Athletes’ Village was to house all 10,000 Olympic athletes and 5,000 team officials.

BIRDS AND ANIMALS
Australia’s best-known animals are kangaroo, the koala and the dingo (a wild dog). There are 50 species of kangaroo, some stands as tall as a man and some are as small as a cat. They can often be seen in many of the forests and parks. The koala is the best loved of all Australian animals. The koala lives on leaves alone. About 400 species of birds in Australia are found nowhere else in the world. There are 55 species of parrots in Australia, they are very colourful. The emu is the most interesting bird in Australia: it is big and cannot fly. The kookaburra is another interesting Australian bird. It cannot sing, but laughs like a human.

Kookaburras

FLOWER BOUQUETS
Bright vibrant flowers seem to be more popular with people today. More modern flowers such as lilies are now being combined with old flowers like the Iris and Chrysanthemum. The tulip is another very popular flower. In Australia the tulip is in season from April until September or October.

Bright yellows, oranges and reds are often put together in baskets, bowls and bouquets. Green foliage such as Eucalyptus leaves is added to break up the colour.

The moet popular type of flower arrangement is a bouquet. They are hand-held and less expensive than arrangement in baskets and bowls. There can be a variety of flowers in a bouquet or just one type of flower.

Australians usually send flowers for special occasions such as, the birth of a baby, wedding, birthdays and funerals.

«Великобритания:

народы и традиции»

Цели:

1. Расширение страноведческих и лингвострановедческих знаний учащихся.

2. Закрепление введенного лексического и грамматического материала § 2-12 учебника Т.Б. Клементьевой «Happy English» I, используемый для курса коррекции анг­лийского языка в 10 классе вечерней (сменной) школы.

3. Воспитание национального самосознания через изучение традиций других народов.

Задачи:

1. Обобщить знания учащихся о традициях и обычаях народов Великобритании.

2. Развивать навыки и умения учащихся в устной речи, в частности, монологической речи при подготовке и осуществлении сообщений.

4. Тренировать умение учащихся ассоциировать знания, полученные на уроках с ин­формацией, полученной при изучении других предметов.

Вид урока: интегрированный урок с элементами групповой работы.

Оборудование

1. Экономическая карта Великобритании.

2. Карта-схема Великобритании на английском языке.

3. Атласы, контурные карты.

4. Учебники «Happy English»!, «География - 10».

5. Символика и флаги народов Великобритании.

6. Стенд «Лондон и его достопримечательности».

7. Виды Великобритании.

8. Справочник «Народы мира».

9. Дерево фортуны.

10. Чайный столик (печенье и чай по рецептам из учебника).

11. Атрибутика детских английских 1раздников.

Оформление классной комнаты:
4 стола для групп учащихся, каждая из которых представляет один из наро­дов Великобритании. Перед каждым участником - визитная карточка с флагом народа, кото­рый он представляет.


1.. Роль Великобритании в мирjвой экономике.

Задание на урок по работе c контурной картой: слушая сообщения учащихся, выделить на карте расположение районов, их главные города, промышленные зоны (на русском языке).

2.. Знакомство с народами Beликобритании. (Сообщения учащихся на русском языке.) Англия. Шотландия. Ирландия. Уэльс (см. приложение).
3. Экскурсия по Лондону - столице Великобритании.

Сообщения учащихся на английском языке с показом видов Лондона (по мате­риалам учебника).

4. Традиции и праздники народов Великобритании.

Сообщения учащихся на английском языке по материалам учебника с демонст­рацией атрибутов праздников, изготовленных учащимися (см. приложение).

VII. Чаепитие по-английски.
1. Несколько слов о традиции.

.

2. Демонстрация одним из учащихся церемонии заваривания чая (на английском языке).

3. Дегустация печенья, приготовленного по рецепту из учебника (на английском языке).
VIII. Подведение итогов по работе с контурной картой.

.

IX. Вручение учащимся пожеланий с дерева фортуны (на английском языке).

Х. Обмен групп - «гостей» подарками-хлопушками с сувенирами.
XI. Подведение итогов урока.

Приложения



Britain’s Info
Great Britain, the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing the degree of its integration with continental Europe. A member of the EU, it chose to remain outside the European Monetary Union for the time being. Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the

Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999.

Climate:

temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast

Population:

60,094,648 (July 2003 est.)

Age Structure:

0-14 years: 18.3% (male 5,621,590; female 5,350,319)
15-64 years: 66.1% (male 20,067,529; female 19,626,123)
65 years and over: 15.6% (male 3,987,457; female 5,441,630) (2003 est.)
Ethnic Groups:

English 81.5%, Scottish 9.6%, Irish 2.4%, Welsh 1.9%, Ulster 1.8%, West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, and other 2.8%

Languages:

English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)