Манипуляторы москва «мысль» 1980 сознанием
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| Глава первая
1 Alan Lomax and Norman Berkowitt. The Evolutionary Taxo-mony of Culture. — "Science 177*\ 1972, p. 238.
4 Генри Л юс, основатель журналов "Тайм", "Лайф", "Форчун", "Спорте иллюстрейтед" и других массовых изданий, имел на этот счет другое мнение. Он заявил, обращаясь к сотрудникам 'Тайма": (Мнимая журналистская объективность, т. е. утверждение, что автор подает факты без какой-либо ценностной оценки, является современной выдумкой, не более чем обманом. Я это отвергаю и осуждаю. Мы говорим: "К дьяволу объективность"». (W, А. Swand-berg. Luce and His Empire. New York, 1972, p. 331.)
7 "The Social Engineers Retreat Under Fire". — "Fortune", X. 1972, p. 3. 8 Leon EUenberg, "Human Nature...", p. 124. 9 Paulo Freire. Pedagogy of the Oppressed, p. 135. 10 Let Brown. Television: The Business Behind The Box. New York. 1971, pp. 196-203. " Paulo Freire. Pedagogy of the Oppressed, p. 137. tt "Black Movie Boom — Good or Bad?" — "New York Times", 17. XII. 1972. u George Gerbner. Communication and Social Environment. — "Scientific American" IX. 1972, p. 156. u Let Brown. Television..., pp. 59—60. 4 Robert Musel. Through a Glass — very darkly. — "TV Guide", 2. X. 1971, p. 12. u Merrill Panitt. America Out oi Focus. — "TV Guide'1, 15. I. 1972 - 12. II. 1972. 17 Paulo Freire. Pedagogy of the Oppressed, pp. 137—138. u Langbourne W. Rust. Do Children Prefer Junk on TV? — "Variety*', 13. X. 1972, p. 38. 19 Hedrick Smith. Big Issues Block U. S. — Soviet Trade. — "New York Times", 12. VIII. 1972. » "New York Times"» 26. VII. 1972. u Rudolph A rnheim. Television as a Medium. — "Performance*, N 3, 1972, p. 16. ** Fred Friendly. Due to Circumstanses Beyond Our Control. New York, 1967, pp. 27, 59—60. 83 Martin A. Jackson. Review of "The American Newsreel, 1911— 196Г. — "New York Times Book Review", 6. VIII. 1972, p. 4. Глава вторая 1 "New York Times", 23. I. 1970. 8 Paul Dickson. Think Tanks. New York, 1971, p. 7.
7 U. S. Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstracts of the United States. Washington, 1971, p. 509. 8 Nicholas Wade. NBS Loses Branscomb to IBM. — "Science", 14. IV. 1972, p. 147. 9 Donald Stevenson Watson and Mary A. Holman. Concentra tion of Patents from Government Financed Research in Industry.— "Review of Economics and Statistics 49", N 3, VIII. 1967, pp. 375—381. 10 Dickson. Think Tanks, p. 10. 11 /. E. Goldman. Toward a National Technology Policy. — "Sci ence", N 2, IX. 1972, p. 1079. 11 Harry Howe Ransom. The Intelligence Establishment. Cambridge, 1970, p. 8. 18 U. S., Congress, Senate, Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Committee on the Judiciary. — "Army Surveillance of Civilians: A Documentary Analysis". Washington, 1972, pp. 96—97. u U.S., Congress, Senate, Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Committee on Judiciary. —"Staff Report", IV. 1972, p. 4. 4 U. S., Congress, House. Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, III. 1972, p. 1285. (Далее — The Moorhead Hearings.) 16 Ransom. The Intelligence Establishment, p. 88. 17 "Intelligence Costs for Military in '70 Put at $ 2. 9 Billion". — "New York Times", 14. V. 1970. 18 Benjamin Welles, Nixon Reported Weighing Revamping of Intelligence Services. — "New York Times", 11. V. 1971. " The Moorhead Nearings, p. 1033. 20 Carol M. Barker and Matthew H. Fox. Classified Files: The Yellowing Pages. New York, 1972, p. 15. 21 "Cost Twice as High to Conceal as Reveal". — "Los Angeles Times", 16. V. 1972. 22 Robert S. Semple. Nixon Vetoes Bill to Fund Public TV. — "New York Times", I, VII. 1972. 23 "Действия Никсона позволили его администрации добиться двух целей: (1) выхолостить общественное телевещание — скром ную, но развивающуюся образовательную телесеть и (2) расстроить направленную на службу общественности деятельность образова тельного телевидения". "Politics in Public Broadcasting". — "Los Angeles Times", 25. X. 1972. 24 Fred Powledge. Public Television: A Question of Survival. New York, 1972. 26 Bill Greely. Deem СРВ as a White House 0 & 0 Via Loomis and Other Appointments. - "Variety", 27. IX. 1972; 20. XII. 1972. 2« Alan Wells. Picture — Tube Imperialism? New York, 1972, p. 96. 27 Ibid. 28 U. S., Congress, Senate, hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations. Washington, 1971, pp. 815—820. 2» John J. O'Connor. U.S.I.A. Propaganda. — "New York Times", I, IV, 1972. 30 John W. Finney. U.S.I.A. Confirms Role in Unattributed Pamphlets. — "New York Times", 22. III. 1972. 31 Bernard Gwertzman. U. S. Radio Abroad Wins Senate Test. — "New York Times", 8, VI. 1972. 81 James Aronson. The Press and the Cold War. New York, 1971. 88 Bernard Gwertzman. U. S. Radio Abroad Wins Senate Test. — "New York Times", 8, VI. 1972. 84 Erik Barnouw. The Image Empire. New York, 1970, pp. 91—92. 86 Hillter Krieghbaum. Pressure on the Press. New York, 1972, p. 210. 8e Susan Wagner. Publishing on the Potomac: The Selling of the Government. — "Publishers' Weekly", 9. VIII. 1971, p. 28. 87 Krieghbaum. Pressures on the Press, p. 210. 88 /. William Fulbright. The Pentagon Propaganda Machine. New York, 1970. 8* U. S., Congress, House, Committee on Government Operations. — "Administration of the Freedom of Information Act", report N 92—1419. Washington, 1972, p. 60. 40 The Moorhead Hearings, pp. 1007—1008. 41 Ibid., p. 1056. 42 Ibid., pp. 1013-1014, 1047. 48 Ibid., p. 3019. 44 Ibid., p. 2997. 44 Член палаты представителей Lionel Van Deerlin, 17. XII. 1971. 44 "Broadcasting", 26. VI. 1972, pp. 43, 46. 908 47 The Moorhead Hearings, p. 3023. «• Ibid.,_p. 3059. 49 "GQ Fact Sheet on Committee Secrecy". — "Congressional Quarterly", 12. II. 1972, p. 301; "Committee Secrecy: Still Fact of Life in Congress". — "Congressional Quarterly", 11. XI. 1972, p. 2974. 60 U. S. Congress, House, Committee on Government Operations, Freedom of Information Act. Washington, 1968. 51 James Reston. Washington: The New "War Profiteers". — "New York Times", 3. V. 1968. 63 The Moorhead Hearings, p. 3061. 68 David WUe. The Institution of Lying. — "New York Times", 18. XI. 1971. 64 Barker and Fox. Classified Files, p. 60. ■» The Moorhead Hearings, p. 1040. •• "Government Easing Attitude Towards Private Enterprise In Use of Federal Information", — "Publishers* Weekly", 12. IV. 1971, p. 27. *7 Ibid. ?8 Ibid., p. 28. Sf The Moorhead Hearings, p. 3129. Глава третья 1 Fritz Machlup. The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States. Princejton, 1962. 8 "New York Times", 10. I. 1972. 9 "Education Industry Is Marketing ABC's". — "New York Times", 10. III. 1972.
9 Clark M. Clifford. Address before the National Security Industrial Association. Washington, 26. IX. 1968. 7 Lawrence S. Wittner. IBM and the Pentagon. — "The Progres sive", II. 1972, pp. 33-34. 8 Ibid. 9 Mildred Benton and Signe Ottersen. Roster of Federal Libra ries. Washington, 1970. io «я утверждаю, что министерство обороны, ведомство, потребляющее 9% валового национального продукта, ведомство, на службе у которого находится четыре с половиной миллиона американцев, должно больше чем когда бы то ни было способствовать удовлетворению социальных потребностей страны. Законность... внутреннее спокойствие... всеобщее благосостояние... дары свободы. Может ли быть, чтобы все эти элементы свободы ложились на плечи правительства Соединенных Штатов, минуя министерство обороны, на чью деятельность расходуется половина всех затрат нашего правительства?" (Clark M. Clifford, op. cit.). u Fred M. Heddinger. Address before the 13th Annual Summer Conference of the Pennsylvania School Boards Association, 15. VII. 1967. — "Newsletter" of the Pennsylvania Electronica Technology, Inc. 68—3, p. 4. 18 "Phi Delta Kappan", V. 1967, 417. 13 Samuel Halperin. Things Don't Just Happen. —"Congressional Record", 20. II. 1968, p. E 981. u "Publishers' Weekly", 19. II. 1973. u "Fortune", V. 1972, p. 149. le "New York Times", 11. II. 1972, p. 49. 17 /. Myron Atkin. The Federal Government, Big Business, and Colleges of Education. й "New York Times", 14. VII. 1968. 19 James A. Mecklenburger and John A. Wilson. Learning G.O.D. Can the Schools Buy Success? — "Saturday Review", 18. IX. 1971, p. 76. 20 "Los Angeles Times", 1. II. 1972. 21 "Los Angeles Times", 28. VII. 1972. 28 "Publishers' Weekly", 8. II. 1971. 83 John. D. Williams. Conglomerates Cause An Information Loss. — "Wall Street Journal", 29. XII. 1972. 24 William F. Luebbert. Instructional Technology, Education and Man as a Builder and User of Tools. — International Symposium on Communication, Univ. of Pennsylvania, III» 23—25, 1972, Глава четвертая 1 Erik Barnouw. Television as a Medium. — "Performance", N 3, 1972, p. 13. 2 Ibid., p. 40. 8 Franc Shor. Pacific Fleet: Force For Peace. — "National Geographic", IX, 1959, pp. 283—335. • ^Broadcasting", 14. VIII. 1972, p. 39. 6 Les Brown. Television: The Business Behind the Box. New York, 1971, p. 59. • "New York Times", 27. XI. 1972. 7 James Playsted Wood. Magazines In the United States. New York, 1971, p. 291. 8 Ibid., p. 292. • Ibid., p. 291. 10 »New York Times", 31. VII. 1967,
" Ibid.
» "Advertizing Age", 24. IV. 1972, p. 22. 17 "Advertizing Age", 3. VII. 1972. w Tom Buckley. With the National Geographic on Its Endless, Cloudless Voyage. — "New York Times Magazine", 6. IX. 1972. 19 Frank Luther Mott, A History of American Magazines. Cambridge, 1957, p. 626. 80 "National Geographic Society Elect Key Executives". — "National Geographic", X, 1967, p. 576. n M. B. Grosvenor. National Geographic's Newest Adventure: A Color Television Series. — "National Geographic", X, 1965, p. 451. 310 ** Tom Buckley. With the National Geographic..., p. 22. 0 Mott. History of American Magazines, p. 625. ** Volkman Wentzel. Mozambique, Land of the Good People. — "National Geographic", VIII. 1964, pp. 214—215. ** Jules B. Billard. Panama, Link Between Oceans and Continents. — "National Geographic", III. 1970, p. 404. * Ibid., p. 412. " Buckley. "With the National Geographic..."t p. 18. 88 Wentzel. Mozambique..., pp. 203—204. 28 Buckley. With the National Geographic..., p. 18. 80 Peter T. White. Saigon, Eye of the Storm. — "National Geographic", VI. 1965, p. 862. u Peter T. White. Mosaic of Cultures. — "National Geographic", III. 1971, p. 329. 88 Wilhelm G. Solheim II. New Light On a Forgotten Past. — "National Geographic", III. 1971, p. 330. 99 Buckley. With the National Geographic..., p. 20. 84 W. E. Garretu Pagan On the Road to Mandalay. — "National Geographic", III. 1971, p. 349. ■» Franc Shor. Pacific Fleet..., p. 283. * "National Geographic", VI. 1972, cover. 87 Franc Shor. Pacific Fleet, pp. 283, 311. 99 Thomas W. McKnew. Four Ocean Navy in the Nuclear Age. — "National Geographic", II. 1965, ■• "National Geographic", IX. 1965. 40 "Magazines for Libraries". New York, 1969, p. 169. 41 Buckley, With the National Geographic..., p. 12. « "Fortune", VI. 1972, p. 110. 49 "Nation's Business", III. 1971, pp. 46, 49. 44 Leo E. Litwak. Fantasy That Paid Off. — "New York Times Magazine", 27. VI. 1965. ** Richard Schickel. The Disney Version. New York, 1968, p. 19. «• Ibid., p. 165. 47 Предварительное письмо к держателям акций в служащим, "Уолт Дисней продакшнз", 24. IV. 1972. « /bid. 4* Annual Report, Walt Disney Productions, 1971, p. 4. *° Schickel. Disney Version..., p. 313. " Annual Report... p. 28. 68 Предварительное письмо к держателям акций и служащим, "Уолт Дисней продакпшз", 24. IV. 1972. и Dwtght Whitney. It's Practically a Branch of the U. S. Mint. — "TV Guide*, 15-21, VII. 1972, p. 25. M "Disney's Live Action Profits'1. — "Business Week", 24. VII. 1965, p. 32. w Schickel. Disney Version..., p. 164. *• Litwak. "Fantasy", p. 28. » "Los Angeles Times"; 16. XII. 1966. 58 Robert Shayon. Entertainment. — "Performance", N 3, VII/VIII, 1972, p. 91. •• Annual Report..., p. 21. *° Ariel Dorfman and Armand Mattelart. Para Leer Al Pato Donald. Valparaiso, 1971. S11 61 A. Mattelart. Mass Media In the Socialist Revolution; The Experience of Chile. — Communications Technology and Social Policy. New York, 1973. •* "Los Angeles Times", 1. VI. 1972. 98 Дисней сказал однажды: "У меня не бывает подавленного настроения, и я не хочу, чтобы оно у меня появилось. Я счастлив, просто очень, очень счастлив". (/. Anthony Lukas. "The Alternative Life — Style of Playboys and Playmates", — "New York Times Magazine", 11. VI. 1972.). «♦ Litwak. Fantasy, p. 27. •5 M. B. Grosvenor. Walt Disney. Genius of Laughter and Learning. — "National Geographic", VIII. 1963, p. 158.
• Hadley Cantril. The Human Dimension: Experiences in Policy Research. New Brunswick, 1967, pp. 24—30—31. ? Lazarsfeld, Some Problems, p. 11. 8 H. Cantrtl. Human Dimension, pp. 35—37. • George Gallup, Jr., "The Challenge of Ideological Warfare", in Propaganda and the Cold War. Washington, 1963, pp. 54—56. 10 Cantril. Human Dimension, Chs. 1, 2. 11 "Political Pollsters Head for Record Activity in 1968", Con gressional Quarterly Fact Sheet, 3. V. 1968, p. 1000. 12 George Gallup, Jr. "Image of the United States Abroad in 1969: A Report", in The Case for Reappraisal of U. S. — Overseas Information Policies and Programs. N. Y., 1970, p. 18. 13 Richard L. Merritt. The USIA Surveys: Tolls for Policy and Analysis, in Western Europe arid Perspectives on International Affa irs. New York, 1968, p. 6. Возможно, здесь применимы слова Пауло Фрейре: "В своем стремлении господствовать, переделать других сообразно собственным моделям и образу жизни захватчики хотят знать, как оценивают действительность завоеванные ими люди, но лишь для того, чтобы сделать свое господство еще эффективнее". (Paulo Freire. Pedagogy of the Oppressed, pp. 150—151.) 14 H. Cantril. Human Dimension, pp. 35—49. Кэнтрил пишет: "Очевидно, в демократии, подобной нашей, ни один президент не 312 может добиться осуществления своей политики, пока народ не заинтересуется этой политикой и не поймет ее смысла11 (р. 69). u Harold Mendelsohn and Irving Crespi. Polls, Television and the New Politics. Scranton, 1970, p. X. " Marylin Bender. Market Research. — "New York Times", 29. VIII. 1971. Jack J. Honomtchl. Big Business Snaps Up 22 Top Research Firms. — "Advertizing Age", 20. X. 1971, pp. 1, 83. 17 Richard Hodder—Williams. Public Opinion Polls and British Politics. London, 1970, pp. 9—14. M Roper Research Associates. "A Ten—Year View of Public Attitudes Toward Television and Other Mass Media, 1959—69". New York, 1969. 19 "The Perils of Polling", Transaction 81, N 9—10, VII/VHl, 1971, p. 8. 80 John D. Morris. No Fault Poll Results Disputed. — "New York Times", 24. I. 1972. 21 Richard Halloran. Tactics Disputed in Fight to Win Release of P. O. W's. — "New York Times*, 7. VI. 1971. n Cantrll. Human Dimension. 88 Report of the Standards Committee, American Association for Public Opinion Research, 1970, Chapter 7, pp. 165—166. u Jerom Johnston and Gerald G. Bachman. Young Men Look At Military Service. — "Youth In Transition", N 193. The Univ. of Michigan, VI. 1970. ** John Herbers. Servey Finds Fear of U. S. "Break—Down". — "New York Times", 27. VI. 1971. *• Richard L. Merritt, Ellen P. Flerlage, Anna J. Merritt. Political Man in Postwar German Education. — "Comparative Education Review", 15. X. 1971, p. 4. 27 Milton Rokeach. The Role of Values in Public Opinion Research. — "Public Opinion Quarterly", 32, N 4, (Winter 1968—69), p. 549. ю "Chicago Sun-Times", 26. VI. 1968. n Mendelsohn and Crespi. Polls, TV, Politics, pp. 40—41. 80 H. Cantril. Human Dimension, p. IX. 81 George Gallup, Jr. A Guide to Public Opinion Polls, Prince ton, 1948, pp. 3, 7. 82 Robert M. Smith. Youth Found Cool to Career in F. B. I. — "New York Times", 15. II. 1972. 88 Harwood L. Childs. Public Opinion, p. 1. 84 Bernard C. Cohen. The Relationship Between Public Opinion and Foreign Policy Maker. — "Public Opinion and Historians" Detroit, 1970, p. 70. 86 Kaarle Nordenstreng. "Broadcasting Research in Scandinavian Countries", International Studies of Broadcasting. Tokyo, 1971, p. 257. M A nthony Wilden. System and Structure: Essays in Communication and Exchange. London, 1972, p. XX. 87 Alex S. Edelstein. Ideas In Search of Methodologies In International Communications, paper for Raymond B. Nixon Sym posium. Minneapolis, IV. 14—16, 1971. 88 Paul Lazarsfeld. The Discussion Goes On. — "Public Opinion Quarterly", 9 (Winter 1945—46), p. 404. w Mendelsohn and Crespi. Polls, TV, Politics, p. 314. 813 жүктеу/скачать 2.08 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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