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Zharkyn A. (Kazakhstan, Almaty, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University) THE EFFECT OF EMOTIONS ON PERSEVERANCE AND SELF-CONTROL Emotions are assigned an important role as mediators between causal attributions of success or failure and achievement behaviors. Emotions have a significant impact on individuals' motivation, interpersonal resources, memory, learning, and academic achievement, and can contribute well to the development of traits critical to success, and predictors of success are among the most fundamental questions in the social sciences. Traditionally conceptualized as cognitive factors such as intelligence as determinants of people's success, scholars have found that non-cognitive factors are also strong predictors of success, with perseverance and self-control predicting success even more than intelligence. Grit is a trait defined as "the tenacity and enthusiasm to accomplish long-term goals" [1]. Grit is composed of two lower-order traits associated with higher-order traits: persistence and persistence. The ability to maintain interest and consistency in a task without being distracted by other factors is known as persistence. Persistence is the ability to persist even in difficult situations and even when the task goal takes a long time to achieve. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Grit is a strong predictor of academic achievement and career success. (It is even a stronger predictor than intelligence and cognitive ability.) It is a core factor in individual success. Differences in people's perseverance can explain significant differences in job performance among people with the same level of ability in the same field. Self-control is the conscious regulation of an individual's self-cognition, emotions, and behaviors by restraining self-impulses and resisting temptations. It is defined as "the ability to overcome impulsive behavior and to make oneself initiate or persist in boring, difficult tasks" [2]. It is one of the indispensable conditions for individuals in the process of accomplishing tasks and achievements. The control of impulsive thoughts and behaviors is the basis for social and personal success. In general, perseverance contains two dimensions - inhibition and initiation. That is the inhibition of undesirable behaviors such as resisting the temptation to overeat in the face of good food. and promoting desirable behaviors such as getting up early and going to the gym. Types of self- control include emotional regulation, impulse control, delayed gratification, inhibiting behavior, executing goals, maintaining focus, persevering in action, and resisting temptation. 242 Both are good predictors of academic achievement and academic success, employment, income, savings, and physical health. Control one's behavior, promote desirable behaviors, and not be tempted by extra-goal affairs to achieve goals. Two concepts that are related but not identical are often confused. Both are goal- and determination-driven and highly predictive of success, and goal- and determination-driven. Although self-control can influence an individual's persistence, it may only influence short-term, simple goals. For example, in the face of long-term and short-term benefits, when individuals choose long-term benefits, they need to control themselves and resist the temptation of short-term benefits. However, in the face of long-term efforts to maintain, self-control can fail, and perseverance is needed to drive individuals to implement it. Duckworth [3] distinguished the difference through the framework proposed by motivation theory (shown in Figure 1), one is oriented by lower-order goals, numerous, short-term, and substitutable, and related to behavioral tendencies. The other is oriented by higher-order goals, small in number, important, and irreplaceable. Figure 1 - Goal Hierarchy Framework The mediating effect of emotions on perseverance and self-control Research has generally shown that positive emotions help promote self-control. For example, participants were found to consume less popcorn when watching a happy movie than when watching a pessimistic movie. In addition, Garg [4] found that positive emotions can offset the consumption of self-control. In the experiment, when the subjects' positive emotions were induced, the negative effects of the self-control task at the beginning of the experiment were canceled and the control resources were even compensated by the positive emotional effects that spiraled upward for good. Research has long suggested that negative emotions deplete individuals' levels of self-control, but recent studies have shown that different emotions may have different effects on self-control. For example, guilt can inhibit undesirable behaviors such as late-night snacking, smoking, and impulse shopping [5].Angry people are more decisive in making decisions, do not postpone their choices, are less biased in choosing compromises, are more satisfied with the choices made, and have more goal- aligned behaviors [6]. People who experience regretful emotions in a particular area or matter make more careful and correct decisions in the same area [7]. Zeelenberg examined athletes who did not finish first in a swimming race and found that those who showed regretful emotions enhanced their performance in the next race more than those who did not [8]. Khan, in a later study Khan, in a later study, found that sadness can improve an individual's self-control and self-discipline [9]. Perseverance is a relatively new topic in emotion research. There have not been many studies on the effect of emotions on perseverance, and most of the studies have shown a positive correlation between positive emotions and perseverance, while there are very few studies on the relationship between negative emotions or even different emotions and perseverance. However, as mentioned 243 earlier, perseverance has a strong correlation with self-control, which can provide indirect evidence for the effect of specific negative emotions on perseverance. In another article, I evoked different emotions through movie clips and tested subjects' perseverance levels before and after emotional arousal. The effect of different emotions on perseverance was investigated. The results of the experiment showed that people in happy and angry emotional states had higher levels of perseverance compared to the neutral emotion group. People in aversive moods also had increased levels of perseverance compared to neutral moods. In addition, people in sad and fearful mood states had lower levels of perseverance. Research has consistently shown that positive emotions have a positive impact, but there is also a lot of research showing that extreme positive emotions can make individuals overconfident, leading them to make poor decisions, reduce self-control, or lead to fruitless persistence. Although negative emotions have been studied for their negative effects on the human body, because they are so prevalent in our lives, they should not be dismissed, but rather understood and how to master and turn them into the motivation we need. Negative emotions like anger can have a positive impact on decision-making. In some decision- making contexts, anger may shape good outcomes. The impact of anger is unique and, unlike other negative emotions (such as sadness), is a constructive force. Emotion-regulated cognitions (thoughts about behaviors that are conducive to achieving goals) influence goal-related behaviors, and these cognitions may only be relevant to the goal. References 1. Duckworth, A.L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M.D., & Kelly, D.R. (2007). Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(6), 1087. 2. Baumeister, R.F., Vohs, K.D., & Tice, D.M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current directions in psychological science, 16(6), 351-355. 3. Duckworth, A., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Self-control and grit: Related but separable determinants of success. Current directions in psychological science, 23(5), 319-325. 4. Garg, N., Wansink, B., & Inman, J. J. (2007). The influence of incidental affect on consumers’ food intake. Journal of Marketing, 71(1), 194-206. 5. Zemack-Rugar, Y., & Fitzsimons, G. (2011). Depletion Versus Load: Differential Effects on Self-Control in the Reactance-To-Recommendations Paradigm. ACR North American Advances. 6. Khan, U., Maimaran, M., & Dhar, R. (2010). Positive upshots of anger in decision-making. ACR North American Advances. 7. Nelson, N., Malkoc, S., & Shiv, B. (2010). Functional regret: The positive effects of regret on learning from negative experiences. ACR North American Advances. жүктеу/скачать 6.73 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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