Issn 305-9397. Ғылым және білім. 2022. №1-1 (66) issn 2305-9397
ISSN 2305-9397. Ғылым және білім. 2022. № 3-3 (68)
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- Conditions of crop moisture supply.
| ISSN 2305-9397. Ғылым және білім. 2022. № 3-3 (68)____ _
181 with the crop provides the highest stability of yield. With low phosphate content in the soil and insufficient fertilizer application, the coefficient of yield variation can reach 20% [18,19]. The content of mobile phosphorus does not depend on vaporization, the amount remains low at the level, decreasing with depth. Phosphorus is needed most by plants between stemming and flowering. The phosphorus supply of rapeseed plants comes mainly from soil reserves (70-80%). For more complete use of phosphorus by plants it should be at least 6-8 mg per 100 g of soil. Along with the regular application of phosphorus fertilizers, maintaining the optimal content of mobile phosphorus is possible through appropriate main soil tillage [20,21]. Over the years of research on experimental variants, the content of mobile phosphorus varies in the upper 0-20 cm layer of 8.1-9.8 mg /1000 g of soil. Conditions of crop moisture supply. The accumulation of moisture usually occurs partly in the autumn period and mainly in winter due to the use of winter precipitation. By the sowing of spring rapeseed plants in 2016, the reserves of productive moisture in pure, zero and minimum vapors ranged from 57.6 to 88.5 mm, and were at the level by the end of following in 2015 (Table 3). Table 3 – Dynamics of productive moisture reserves in the soil by crops in the 0-100 cm layer 2015- 2017, mm Predecessor First crop, wheat 2015 Second crop, rapeseed 2016 Third crop, wheat 2017 before sowing before harvesting before sowing before harvesting before harvesting before harvesting St Clean ploughing process 120.4 48.2 88.5 32.5 77.8 16.2 Zero ploughing process 111.5 43.1 84.6 36.4 70.4 18.1 Minimum ploughing process 113.6 46.4 82.3 37.2 71.6 17.8 Occupied ploughing process 88.4 42.5 72.3 24.5 65.6 16.0 Legume crop 80.9 35.2 57.6 23.2 61.5 15.2 These variants of the experiment practically only retain the accumulated moisture during this period, while all precipitation during the autumn-spring period is lost. Crop yield. As noted above, the methods of preparing precursors had an impact on the content of productive moisture in the soil. Over the years of research, yield data indicate a positive effect of various methods of preparing precursors on the yield of spring wheat and rapeseed. Table 4 – Yield of spring wheat and rapeseed in a four-field crop rotation, c/ha 2015-2017 Predecessor Yield, c/ha Average deviation from control for rotation, ± first crop, wheat 2015 second crop, rapeseed 2016 third crop, wheat 2017 1 2 3 4 5 6 St Clean ploughing process 14,4 14,0 12,5 13,6 - Zero ploughing process 16,8 17,1 14,5 16,1 +2,5 Minimum ploughing process 16,7 17,3 14,7 16,2 +2,6 Occupied ploughing process 13,8 15,7 13,4 14,3 +0,7 |