STRUCTURAL TYPES OF UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

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In rare cases the structure and meaning of both the Ukrainian equivalent and the NAPC may be much alike:

This NAPC may be translated with the help of an antonymic syntaxeme containing a diyepryslivnyk: / все ще не розплющуючи очей, він сказав...

It should be repeatedly emphasized in conclusion that some NAPCs may have more than one faithful semantic and structural equivalent in Ukrainian. Thus, the underlined below NAPC in the sentence Thev having the kevs. no entrance was possible. (Galsworthy) may have the following two equally faithful versions in Ukrainian:

V Оскільки ключі були в них, 2) Ключі були v них, і ввійти

ввійти було неможливо. (нам) було неможливо.

The second (last) Ukrainian substitute of the above-given NAPC is the co-ordinate clause with an implied causal meaning (Чому ввійти було неможливо? Бо у них не було ключів).

These secondary predication constructions are often used in scientific and technical matter texts in which the translator has also to find equivalents for different terms. The ways and means employed to faithfully convey the meaning and structure of the NAPCs are the same:

1. 
   the temporal subordinate clause;
   
2. 
   a causal, conditional and other sub-clauses:
   

4) By co-ordinate clauses as in other types of text joined by the conjunctions і, а, причому:

1. My private station being that of a university professor, I was naturally deeply interested in the system of education in England. 2. But Henry VIII being dead, nothing was done. (Leacock) 3. He had seen Jody with his head slowly moving about... (M. Wilson) 4. After a first session of the Six, with the British Prime Minister waiting out­side, there seemed no reconciling of the French and the Five. (F. News) 5. Patterson, his habit of politeness back in place, inquired, «Do you want to take questions as we go, Alex, or leave them to the end? 6. For an instant, with Mike holding her, she felt the same sol­ace and relief, as when years before she had run, a little girl, into her mother's arms. (Hailey) 7. The message reported, they walked on. 8. The service in the Chapel over, the mourners filed up again to guard the body to the tomb. 9. The men had been sent out to dine at

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1. He took her hand gently, their faces close. 2. The younger man's face was strained, the tears streaming. 3. There was no an­swer, only Vivian's steady gaze meeting his own. 4. His expression was serious, his eyes being troubled. (Hailey) 5. Coleman wheeled serious, his eye on Bannister; his eyes merciless. 6. Barlett was on his feet, his chain flung back, his face flaming red. 7. «Ramona», Elise shouted, with her eyes shut, «go out in the kitchen and let Grace take galoshes off.» (Salinger) 8. He was all confusion and embarrassment on the instant, the blood flushing on his neck and brow. (London) 9. They moved toward the Vicarage, each making enormous effort to find excuses for the other. (Christie) 10. He speared Brad with a long stare, his black eyes glittering. 11. Bendabb jumped out, Leighton heating and pulling himself from the limousine behind the younger executive. (R. Moore) 12. Rossman withdrew and Himmler returned to his work, the only sound in the room the steady scratching of his pen. (J.Higgins) 13. Buddha sat as Buddha always sits, with his lap empty... 14. Then I got hold of Pyle's sleeve and dragged him out, with the girl handing on to his other arm like a hooked fish. (Greene) 15. With me working and not home until dark, he hangs around with that bad crowd toward the bridge. (J.Updike) 16. He looked at her happily in the sun; her khaki shirt open. 17. The sentry was still standing at the far box with his back turned. (Hemingway) 18. With Adna gone too, Mr. Wipple tried to run the farm with just him to help. (L.A. Porter) 19. Her face tear-streaked but expressionless, almost

vacuous, she picked up her handbag from the floor, opened it, and took out a small pea-green clothbound book. 20. She was lying asleep, with her face sort of on the side of the pillow. (Salinger) 21. They went out by the gate, he with his arm round her waist, and were lost in the night. (Maugham)

Exercise III. Analyse the syntagmatic relations existing between the NAPC and its matrix clause in each sentence be­low. Suggest the appropriate way of translating the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Meanwhile Andrew, with his eyes fixed upon the glass jars before him, had been stumbling upon the specimens. (Cronin) 2. Her cheek pressed against the pillow, she gazed at him with shin­ing eyes. (Cronin) 3. Miss Lawson stood in the doorway smiling rather foolishly after them, her mouth a little open. (Christie) 4. With her eyes fixed on that great yellow moon of a face from which these entrancing sounds came, Miss Matfield allowed her mind to be car­ried floating away on these changing currents of music. 5. «Well, Livian, now that we're out of that monkey house in there, with every­body snatching and pecking at each other, I can wish you a proper «Happy New Year». (J.Priestley) 6. With his hand upon her brother's shoulder, Louisa still stood looking at the fire. 7. «Ah», said Mr. Bouderby, with his thumbs in the arms of his coat. (Dickens) 8. His thought having returned, he concluded that it must be some night bird or large bat. (H. Wells) 9. She turned towards him, her smile, a mixture of love and sadness. 10. His face in her hair, he whispered «Vivian, darling ...» (Hailey) 11. He sat there, with raw eyes glaring across the room at me. (Greene) 12. Peter looked up, his head fallen slackly back. (Cronin) 13. Listening to the minutes and other routine business, with his chin clasped on his hand, he let his eyes move from face to face. 14. She took the flowers in her hand and went down, her face carried high under its burden of hair. (Galsworthy) 15. Jane turned to look at Mrs. McGrador, who all this time remained silent, watching, with her pale unblinking eyes fixed at Jane's face. (J.Aiken) 16.... he could see the upswept wide black horns on their heads as they galloped, heads out; the heads not moving. (Hemingway) 17.... he could see the full span of the ravine along the edge of town, his view of it broken by two or three Negro cabins which lined the edge of it. (W.Faulkner) 18. The worship of senses has often, and with much justice, been decried, men feeling a natural instinct of terror about passions and sensations that seem stronger than themselves ... (O.Wilde)

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1. Once upstairs, I met the nurse coming down the hall. 2. He felt it (knee) carefully, his hands moving lightly. 3. Coleman lashed out, his voice rising in pitch. 4. It was Bannister, a tray of equipment in his hands. 5. The younger man's face was strained, the tears stream­ing. (Hailey) 6.... she now walked unsteadily to the door, the terrors of the future crowding thick upon her. (Dreiser) 7. This being his first exam, he was anxious to know the result. (Cronin) 8. They passed her in silence, with their noises in the air, as if she did not exist. (Maugham) 9. That being so, then he could rise to Ruth. (London) 10. Now, the car making a turn around a bank and crossing a green, grassy field, we came in sight of the Masai village. (Hemingway) 11. The filling completed, Con threw his instruments into a jelly containing lysol and demanded Andrew should return to the house with him to tea. (Cronin) 12. The morning broke, they saw the traces of his fall. (H.Wells) 13. He stood beside me in silence, his candle in his hand. (C.Doyle) 14. She stood in her room pondering this new problem as Clyde arrived, his Xmas package under his arm. (Dreiser) 15. That over, she sat back with a sigh and softly rubbed her knee. (H.Watson) 16. She was still standing inside the screen door, with the house door open behind her. (H. Chandler) 17. The boy stood as long as he could, the bitter struggle fascinating him. (Dreiser) 18. She pressed his hand mutely, her eyes dim. (London) 19. A car was parked up in the middle of the floor with its bonnet open. 20. Perhaps only ten days ago he had been walking back across the Common park in Boston, his arms full of the books. (Greene) 21. Gandy, book in hand, the boy looks to his father for rescue. (J.Updike) 22. There he stood, his face to the south-east, his cap in his hand. (London) 23. The grove having been cut at 45°, all the difficulties were overcome. 24. Only overcurrent provided, the earth leakage being separated. (Machinery and Production Engineering) 25. Transistors being sensitive to light, engineers have to take this property into consideration. 26. Some transistors act as insulators in the darkness, cadmium sulfide presenting one of them. (Radio Engineering) 27. There were lamps on, the first dusk outside. 28. The old man stared out of the window; the setting sun on the trees. (J.Fowles) 29. So they groped and shuffled along, with their ears pricked up and their paws on the pistols. (K.Graham)