conventional, but during irrigation, you can’t moisten the vaccination
site with water for ten days after transplanting.
There are different ways of grafting vegetables. Yurin O. V.
(1966) described 6 methods of inoculation: inoculation in the lateral
incision of the stem, in the tube, inoculation in the injection, in the
cleft, rapprochement or ablactate, inoculation with pollinated
flowers.
The vaccine insert. Its technology is very close to that for the
"Japanese method" on Solanaceae, only one cotyledon leaf is left on
the rootstock for better survival ("90%). Also on pumpkin is allowed
a small difference in the diameter of the stems. This method also
requires a splicing chamber with
strict control of temperature,
humidity and light, so it is more suitable for farms with good
equipment.
Vaccination in the lateral incision is done through the
subfamily knee, slightly retreating from the cotyledon node between
the cotyledon leaves, on the side opposite to the first real leaf. The
cut should be to a cavity length of 1.5-2 cm growth Point and the
first true leaf is removed. On cotyledons’ knee of the Scion, cut the
root from two opposite sides, cut a thin layer of the epidermis. Scion
is inserted into the section of the stem of the stock.
By grafting a rapprochement with the tab on the cotyledonous
knee rootstock is cut with a length of 5-7 mm at the top down at a
sharp angle, buried its no more than half the thickness of the stem.
On
the stem of the Scion, a similar incision is made, but from the
bottom up. The tongues of the Scion and rootstock are inserted into
the incisions, and place of vaccination recorded.
Method of ablactation. There are two methods of vaccination.
In the first method, which is called ablaktate (grafting convergence)
is the following sequence of actions: On both plants are cut thin
strips of skin on the stems of tomatoes. Then, connect the plants
places the slices and wrapped the vaccination site with plastic wrap.
A more powerful plant is left, a weaker one is removed above the
vaccination (this method is used in industrial greenhouses). As a
result of this method of vaccination,
two roots will work on one
stem, which will provide the young plant with additional nutrition. In
conditions of cold latitudes and when grown in greenhouses, this
method allows to obtain higher yields from smaller areas.
The method of inoculation is used in industrial greenhouses in
the mass application of vaccinations. In this case, the tops of the
Scion are cut to a length of 5-6 cm Separately cut off the tops of the
stock. Then each tip of the Scion is attached to the stock and secured
with special clips [6].
The main elements of the technology of vaccines not be easy.
Rootstock are planted 1-3 days earlier than the Scion. By the time of
vaccination, their diameter should be the same. Vaccination is
carried out at the age of 12-14 days. On the day of such a responsible
operation, the audit of stunted plants is carried out; they are placed,
but not watered, which protects against water ingress. Slices do at an
angle of 45° and put on a clip. Then, at a similar angle, cut the Scion,
which is connected to the stock and clamped with a clothespin. After
that, another revision of the correctness of vaccination is carried out,
the plants are sprayed with water and placed for 5-7 days in special
tunnels with 100% humidity and protection from direct sunlight.
After vaccination, the plants are sent to the splicing chamber.
The process should take place in natural light with an air temperature
of 24-26°C and a relative humidity of 90-96%. Every 3 hours it is
necessary to check the condition of the plants.
In order to avoid
direct sunlight in the first days, an additional layer of film is used to
shade the seedlings.
If we talk about the phases of splicing, the first 3 days after
grafting the seedlings do not grow. These days produce a culling of
dead and weak plants. On day 4, the process of tissue fusion begins
and fresh air is needed. On the 5-7 day, there is a complete fusion.
During this period, particularly important is the circulation of fresh
air and a gradual decrease in humidity. Further cultivation is
continued in the seedling department.
Hidden potential. What is
the secret and what makes
vegetable growers use grafted seedlings instead of the usual. Several
reasons. First, the plants obtained in this way, have a high resistance
to stress, whether it is disease, soil characteristics, specifics of
agricultural technology, extreme temperature or other climatic
factors. Secondly, due to the high resistance, these plants are suitable
for a longer cycle of cultivation, and therefore obtain an additional
crop. Thirdly, this technology is an alternative to the use of methyl
bromide for soil disinfection.
Another vaccination provides better use of soil moisture and
fertilizers by plants due to a more developed root system, and has a
positive effect on productivity with reusable re-cultivation of the
crop at the same place.
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