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- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Look, cover, write, check
| Dictation passages: These act as a great source to assess children's knowledge of high-frequency words and reading skills at the same time. Young learners are provided with a piece of writing with blank spaces, and they are asked to fill in the blanks with the missing high-frequency words. This is a kind of activity, which makes children familiar with the high-frequency words themselves and helps them to enhance their fluency in reading at school.
Look, cover, write, check: It is a popular way to teach high-frequency words to students. Children say the word in a loud voice and spell and write these words correctly. This method is effective for word recognition, of the words as well as memorization of the sounds. Thus, teachers should employ different strategies to teach the spelling of high- frequency words which are crucial for building literacy and reading skills. Another important aspect of building literacy and writing skills at the elementary school is to teach students to apply basic rules of punctuation. The careful use of punctuation is one of many skills that students need if they are to communicate clearly in writing: it is more than memorising and applying a set of rules. Used well, punctuation allows certain words, phrases and clauses to be emphasised and can make subtle or major changes to meaning. Thus, the same words may be given different meanings by varying the punctuation marks. Therefore, students are taught to apply basic punctuation rules since grade 2. Capital letters. Historically, capital letters have been used to portray formality. In the forum of Ancient Rome, the emperors’ deeds were written in capital letters. Until the nineteenth century, it was common for all nouns to be capitalised in English (they still are in German). Today, however, dropping the initial capital letter from a company name can be seen as a mark of significant success. The move from Hoover and Google to hoover, now a generic term for vacuum cleaners, and google, now often a generic term for search engines (despite the Google company’s efforts to resist this), demonstrates how influential these companies have become. The rules for using capital letters. To begin a sentence For a title, name of an organisation or institution. Nazarbayev University For the first word in direct speech. I said, “What’s the use of moaning?” For the important words in titles of books, plays, films etc. Abay Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone For all proper nouns. Kazakhstan, Kazakh, Britain, British, Friday, July, Nauryz, Arlan, English. For abbreviations: BBC, RK, UK, USA, For first person: I, I am, I’m, Full stop (.) To mark the end of a sentence. Question marks are used in writing to denote a direct question. The question ends with a question mark. Principles in teaching writing when teaching writing to young learners: Draw on kids’ sense of play and imagination: We expect children to be serious, but they like to play. If we design activities that allow them to learn language at the same time as having fun, they will both feel more positive about the language and learn to use it for communicative purposes. Start writing from the beginning: Don’t wait until learners have mastered the language before letting them write. Even students with low-proficiency can do creative things with a limited vocabulary and incomplete knowledge of grammar systems. A little goes a long way: We don’t have to teach many different things in one lesson. Instead, children learn through repetition. They even like to repeat the same activities and games because it is familiar and because they can gain skill—each time, they can do better. Focus on progress, not perfection: Children should not be expected to create perfect texts. Instead, we should value their ability to make progress and get better at what they are able to do. Provide feedback for development, and don’t grade based on error. A key feature of young learners is that they are often still developing their literacy abilities in their first language, which means that they cannot draw on as much prior knowledge about text structure or rhetoric as older learners can. Young learners often have a shorter attention span and less awareness of their own future goals and needs than older learners. They are also still dependent on their family for guidance when they are outside of school, which means they are less likely to be able to seek out language models and practice opportunities on their own. Nevertheless, young learners are ready and eager to learn how to write in a new language. In upper-secondary school, students continue developing their writing skills. Further, the content of the programme and learning outcomes and objectives are presented. Then recommendations for the most common writing requirements are suggested. From grade 5 students are taught strategies to plan, write, edit and proofread their written product. These strategies are employed to create an outline of a text and short simple notes and messages. Also, since grade 5 students are taught how to build a paragraph. Paragraphs can be described as a collection of sentences. These sentences combine to express a specific idea, main point, topic and so on. A number of paragraphs are then combined to write a report, an essay, or even a book. In general, the purpose of a paragraph is to express one main point, idea or opinion. Of course, students may provide multiple examples to support their points. However, any supporting details should support the main idea of a paragraph. This main idea is expressed through three sections of a paragraph: Topic sentence - Introduce your idea with a topic sentence Body - Explain your idea through supporting sentences Conclusion - Make your point again with a concluding sentence, and, if necessary, transition to the next paragraph. A good paragraph always has a topic sentence. A topic sentence reveals the focus of a paragraph. In other words, it's the sentence that explains what a paragraph is mainly about. Be sure to explain to learners that, although the topic sentence is often the first sentence, it can be located anywhere in a paragraph. In addition to a topic sentence, a paragraph should have supporting details. Supporting details are sentences that back up a topic sentence and strengthen its point. They also connect the topic sentence to other important points in a paragraph. Finally, a paragraph should always include a clear conclusion. The conclusion is the sentence that brings a paragraph to a close. Explain to learners that concluding sentences are like the summary of a paragraph. They should be used with transition words that signify a clear ending is taking place. жүктеу/скачать 0.79 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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