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II. Reading Comprehension 1. Read and translate the following text. Use a dictionary if necessary. TEXT A MY FAMILY I'm Alex Kovalev. I am fifteen. I'd like to tell you about my family. We are a family of three. I live with my parents. But I've got an elder brother. He is married and has a family of his own. In my opinion, family is an emotional centre of a person's life, transmitter of culture, the place where children are being raised. The process of upbringing children is difficult. It requires much effort, mutual respect, tolerance. In happy families parents are frankly honest with their children without moralizing, and the children in their turn learn how to get on with other people. The proverb says, «Men make houses, women make homes». In my view, it means that the man provides for his family, pays attention to the problems of the members of the family. And the woman creates the homely atmosphere, encourages her husband and children to keep up family traditions and keeps the house. Together they bring up their children in the right way. It is true to our family, I think. My parents have been married for twenty-six years. My father's name is Vitaly. He is 45 years old. He is an engineer at a Motor Plant. He is tall and strong both in body and character, but rather stout. He has plump oval face with an aquiline nose. He's generous and full of joy, but very careless. He can make different things with his own hands. Almost all the bookshelves in our flat were made by my father. My mother's name is Irina. She is a medium size woman. She has got a thin oval attractive face and light grey eyes and a snub nose. When she was young she had thick curly ash-blond long hair, now she wears her hair short. My mother is a woman of character, well-bred, tactful and fair. She's warm-hearted and at the same time practical, reserved and full of common sense. She is a housewife; she does all the housework and helps my elder brother to bring up his sons. She is really concerned about them. They are the apple of her eye. And the boys feel affection for their Granny. My father and I try to help her about the house. My brother Igor is about 25. He is married, as I have already said. He has got two sons. My elder nephew is a spitting image of my brother and the junior one takes after his mother, my brother's wife. The boys are funny and curious. We have got a lot of relatives, because my mother has got five sisters and a brother. So I've got many aunts, uncles and cousins. We are all on friendly terms. TEXT B A vocabulary defines a family as “people who are closely related.” Psychologists usually refer to a family consisting of mother, father and their children, who are either twins or siblings, as a nuclear family. Some of them are one-parent or single parent families. They usually call all the family including aunts, uncles, nephews, cousins, nieces, grandparents, daughters- and sons-in law as an extended family. George Orwell (1903-1950), a famous British author, wrote that he came from a "stuffy Victorian family, with not many black sheep in it but with all its cupboards burstling with skeletons (family secrets). It has rich relations who have to be kow-towed to and poor relations who are horribly sat upon, and there is a deep conspiracy about the source of income. It is a family in which the young are generally thwarted and most of the power is in hands of irresponsible uncles and bedridden aunts. Still it is a family". There is no exact definition, what a family is. It is definitely a fabulous phenomenon, cemented by blood, which is thicker than water. It is really a masterpiece and as every genius creation of humanity it is immortal. Its roots date back to prehistoric times, and it has made a long way from polygamy to monogamy. Like a real masterpiece it constantly changes preserving its essence. Prehistoric mothers used to be as caring, over-protective and ambitious about their adorable offspring, as all today's mothers are. Most of families start with marriages, which are said to be made in heaven. Ancient philosopher Diogenes (the Cynic) said, "Marriage is the greatest earthly happiness when founded on complete sympathy." Like every masterpiece this highly personal matter is strictly controlled and supported by law. Young people nowadays are to understand that it is not enough to promise to love and cherish each other, it is important to realize that they have taken a big step both legally and financially by deciding to get married. A husband is entitled to a married man's allowance, and both husband and wife can claim tax relief. They start sharing common property and if they decide to split up they will both have to start a divorce proceeding. If they have children and decide to separate they will have to agree who gets the custody over their children and set the proposed arrangements for children to meet both parents. The importance of family bonds has been portrayed in proverbs and sayings by all nations. Here we say “East or West, home is best”, the English say “My home is my castle” and I'm sure there are wise sayings like these in other languages. It seems a bit sad that families are getting so small these days. A family with three or four children is not a common thing. More often you will find many families where there is just Mummy, Dad, one kid and may be a dog. I don't know what it feels like being an only child in the family. There are three children in our family. So by modern standards we are considered to be a fairly large family. Here I should say as well that I am lucky to have been brought up in a friendly two-parent family. This is not always the case. The number of problem families has grown up lately due to many reasons: material, economic, housing difficulties and heavy drinking. I'd like to give a brief description of each of us. Firstly my father, the head and the main supporter of our family. He is a research worker by profession. About 10 years ago he was with the Central Scientific Research Institute of Technology and Administration. But he had to quit it and look for a better paid job to support the many of us. He went in for trade. At present he is trying his luck in several trade aspects. Generally speaking my father and I are very similar in character though in appearance I take after my mother. He is determined, strong-willed, energetic but at the same time he is reserved and thoughtful. He always achieves the aims he sets. He looks very businesslike and at the same time he tries not to lose the sense of humour. And though he is very busy, he always devotes his free time to the children; mainly to my younger brother and sister because he takes me for a grown-up person, he trusts me and relies on me. He is even sure that I can be his partner in business translating some business papers and documents for him. In my turn I try to be most helpful and it makes me feel important and grown-up. My mother has turned 40 this year. But she doesn’t look her age. My mother is a programmer by profession. But as I was a very feeble child almost until the age of 9 my mother stayed out of work. It happened so that up to now she hadn't got a chance to start working again as the two younger children came. So she has to sacrifice her career to the upbringing of the three of us. But while she was looking after the smaller ones she took an interest in psychology. And when the children got a little older, she became a student of the Pedagogical University. She is exactly the person about whom the English saying goes «It's never too late to learn». She is a very attractive, self-possessed, sociable and persistent woman. She is concerned about her appearance, tries to be in good shape, elegant and dressed according to the latest vogue, that's why she looks so good for her age. In fact I'm more attached to my mother than to my father. We understand each other better which I think is quite natural. We can spend hours and hours on end talking about our family problems, fashions, views on education, people's relations, their ambitions and the like. My younger brother is only 7 years old. He studies at the same school I do. He does well at school which makes all of us happy. He is a diligent, kind and intelligent boy. He is tall for his age, sporty and we hope he'll make a good basketball player one day. As for my younger sister she is only 4 years of age. She is a very pretty, lively, cheerful and energetic little thing. She is very restless and it's hard for her to stay in one and the same place for more than a minute, so when the two of them are playing they make a hell of the house. Of course I have many remote relations: two grandmothers and a grandfather, aunts, uncles and cousins. But only my grandfather and grandmother on the mother's side live in Minsk. Though my grandma is already an elderly woman, she often visits us, helps my mother to look after the children and always brings something delicious to eat. We all enjoy her visits. To finish with, I'd like to say that there are times in our lives, when everything seems to be going badly. We all have problems we can't cope with. We feel depressed and dispirited and suffer from acute anxiety and despair. We moan and groan and think we are losers and failures. A fatherly manly hug or a mother's loving embrace can really restore you from the ashes. Then I hear my Mum's favourite words: "You are a Fallible Human Being "and understand that even if the whole world turns its cold shoulder on me, there'll still be a family to turn to for love, compassion and understanding. And as every great masterpiece the family will remain in your soul forever. 2. Answer the following questions:
III. Comprehension and Word Study. 1. Say whether it is true or false: 1) A dictionary gives an exact definition of a family phenomenon. 2) A family constantly changes preserving its essence. 3) A marriage has not become a common thing nowadays. 4) There are times in our lives when everything seems to be going badly. 5) Most of families start with divorces. 6) Psychologists usually call all the family including aunts, uncles, nephews, cousins, nieces, grandparents, daughters- and sons-in law as a nuclear family. 7) Prehistoric mothers used to be as caring, over-protective and ambitious about their adorable offspring, as all today's mothers are. 8) A family with three or four children is a common thing nowadays. 2. Join the parts of sentences.
3. Translate into Russian: single parent families; a nuclear family; an extended family, the source of income; a fabulous phenomenon; date back to prehistoric times; adorable offspring; to rely on somebody; to be a very feeble child; to look one’s age; to be concerned about one’s appearance; to cope with something; to suffer from acute anxiety and despair; to moan and groan; to look after the children. 4. Put 10 general and special questions to the text. 5. Fill in the gaps with proper words. (a) 1. Jack's parents don't live together. They are... 2. Frank has no parents. So he is an ... 3. Her ... name was Hope. But after the marriage her name is Dickson. 4. He hasn't got a family of his own, he is ... so far. 5. Are you an ... child in the family? - No, I've got an elder brother. 6. My grandparents are ... already. 7. He is 19. He ... of age last year. 8. Children go to school at the ... of six in our Republic. 9. He is married now but two years ago he was ... 10. He is a native born, but his wife is a ... (b) 1. He is in ... late sixties. 2. His daughter is in ... mid teens. 3. Is Kate a relation of ...? - No, we are just friends. 4. Do you have a family of ... own? 5. This is Barbara Dickson. She is a colleague of ... 6. They prefer to live by ... 7. Does she live with ... parents? 8. He is a dear old friend of... 6. Complete the sentences according to the picture. Albert and Mary Smith ________________________________________________ | | | David=Sue Jack=Amanda Barry=Jane __|__ __|__ | | | |
Eve Ann Jim Tom 1) David is Amanda’s … . 2) Jim is Amanda’s … . 3) Eve and Ann are Jim’s … . 4) Albert Smith is Tom’s … . 5) As Jack died in 1998, Amanda is a … . 6) The only people who are not related are … .
1) Vitebsk/ I/ born/ region/ in/ was. 2) My/ parents/ lived/ in/ Virginia/ who/ had/ moved/ to/ in/ the/ South/ the/
3) Tom/ the/ eldest/ is/ the/ family/ in. 4) How/ are/ you/ many/ the/ family/ in? 5) My/ sister/ always/ dreaming/ to/ get/ was/ married/ a/ military/ man/ to. 6) A/ girl/ am/ 16/ I/ with/ dark/ hair/ of/ eyes/ and/ blue.
1) Like every masterpiece this highly personal matter is strictly controlled and supported … law. 2) The importance of family bonds has been portrayed … proverbs and sayings … all nations. 3) I'd like to give a brief description … each … us. 4) Generally speaking my father and I are very similar … character though … appearance I take … my mother. 5) My mother is a programmer … profession. 6) I was a very feeble child almost until the age … 9 my mother stayed out … work. 7) While she was looking … the smaller ones she took an interest … psychology. 10. Complete the sentences using the words in brackets. Explain your choice. I am Frankie Watson. My _____ (surname, Christian, full, nickname) name is Frances Elizabeth Watson. I come _____ (out, from, in, for) England. I am twenty-one. I am a _____ (a three-year, third course, third-year, seven-years) student of the university. I have got a lot of friends. Most of them are my _____ (schoolmates, schoolboys, schoolmasters, school-leavers). My best companions are two girlfriends. They are very kind and well-bred. I also have a boyfriend. His name is Joe. My brother-in-law, Henry Perkins, is _____ (get married, engaged, marry, married) to my _____ (elder, elderly, the oldest, elderer) sister Helen. I am a member of her family. My _____ (brother-in-law, sister-in-law, brethren, brotherhood) is a dentist. He has got a mother but he has no father. My sister is a _____ (householder, housewoman, housewife, house-trained). They have got only one child – Lucy. Lucy is my _____ (niece, nephew, nice, nick), she is five. She is _____ (fond, interested, keen, found) of birds and animals. We have white mice, a dog and a parrot in the house. Now Lucy wants to have a rabbit. But her mother is against it. “We have no peace because of all Lucy’s animals”. 11. Study each paragraph. What single word explains the central idea of each passage? Find the topic sentence, and then list the details that support it. IV. Speaking Practice. 1. Give details to expand an idea into a paragraph. 1) The family is immortal. 2) There is no exact definition what a family is. 3) Young people today are to understand that a marriage is a very serious step. 4) Mothers of all the times and nations resemble each other. 5) The parents should be constructive. 6) When everything seems to be going badly you always turn to your parents for advice and understanding. 2. Use the following phrases and word combinations to retell the text:
3.1. Read, translate and role-play the dialogue THE FAMILY ALBUM Nick: There are many photos in your family album, Ann. Could you tell me what relations you have with the people in the pictures? Ann: All right. Look here. This is our family photo on the first page. This is my father, mother, my younger sister and I. Nick: Oh, your parents look very young. How old are they? Ann: My father is 40 and my mother is 36. She is a shop assistant. Nick: And your father? He wears the uniform. Is he a military man or a militiaman? Ann: He is a military man and serves in the Far East. We are going to his place next year after I finish school. Nick: It's a pity. I thought we could study together at the Institute. Ann: I'm afraid not. But my sister who is two years my senior may stay here together with our grandparents as there's no secondary school at the place where my father serves. Nick: Is this the picture of your grandparents? Ann: You are right. Here it is. Nick: And whose photo is this? Ann: My friend's. Her name is Kate. She is pretty, isn't she? Nick: She is very beautiful. Is she your class-mate? Ann: Oh, no. Kate is a student. She lives next door to me. I have many girl-friends at school. We are all taken photo in this picture. Nick: I see. And who is this smiling woman? Ann: This is my father's elder sister. She is still young in the photo. Aunt Olga is fifty already. She has a grownup daughter Helen. Helen is my cousin. She is married and has children of her own. They are my nephews. Look here! This is Helen's wedding photo. Isn't it nice? Nick: Very beautiful! The couple is very kind and loving. Ann: And can you recognize me in this baby? Nick: It's hardly possible. You are crying bitterly but your mother is happy. 3.2. Make your own dialogues with your partner. 3.3. Retell the dialogue using Reported Speech. V. Supplementary Reading. A 1. Translate into Russian using a dictionary: The traditional image of the family in both Britain and the USA is of a stable family unit consisting of a married couple and two or more children. As a result of the social changes and changes in legislation in recent years, the majority of families no longer conform to this image. Family size is decreasing and the average number of children per family is less than two. Many couples cohabit without being married, and the stigma that used to be associated with illegitimacy is disappearing. The trend towards early marriage that was evident in the 1960s has been reversed. In Britain the average age for people marrying for the first time is 26 for men and 24 for women. Changes in legislation have made it easier to obtain a divorce. About one in three marriages in Britain and one in two in the USA end in divorce. Many people marry again after divorce so that a high proportion of children live with a stepparent. The proportion of families led by a single parent, normally the mother, has also increased. People often move to different parts of the country to work, so that many children have little contact with their grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins except at family reunions, held traditionally at Christmas. Students often leave home when they go to university and people may leave home to find work from the age of 16. People may marry at 16 with their parents' consent and at 18 without it. It is usual for young people to move away from home once they are adult, and many young single people live alone, as do many retired people. Most parents encourage their children to become independent and the relationship between parents and children is more relaxed than in the past. Fathers often play a greater part in the care and upbringing of children, reflecting the changes in the respective roles of both parents as more mothers work outside the home.
1) as a result of; 2) married couple; 3) the majority of; 4) the average age for; 5) to end in divorce; 6) to have little contact with; 7) the proportion of families; 8) to encourage. a) поддерживать; b) большинство; c) средний возраст для; d) заканчиваться разводом; e) мало общаться с; f) в результате; g) количество семей; h) супружеская пара.
1) In Britain the average age for people marrying for the first time is 28 for men and 26 for women. 2) Family size is increasing and the average number of children per family is more than two. 3) Changes in legislation have made it easier to obtain a divorce. 4) Many people marry again after divorce so that a high proportion of children live with a stepparent. 5) The proportion of families led by a single parent, normally the mother, has decreased. 6) People may marry at 16 with their parents' consent and at 18 without it. 7) Fathers often play a smaller part in the care and upbringing of children. 4. Answer the questions on the text: 1. The traditional image of the family in both Britain and the USA is of a stable family unit consisting of a married couple and two or more children, isn’t it? 2. Has the trend towards early marriage been reversed? 3. Have changes in legislation made it easier to obtain a divorce? 4. Why do many children have little contact with their grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins? 5. Why is the relationship between parents and children more relaxed than in the past? жүктеу/скачать 1.51 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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