Материалы II студенческой межфакультетсткой конференции первокурсников по биоорганической химии
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- AMINOACID: HISTIDINE
- METHIONINE
VI МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТGlutamic acidMohamad Sultan, group 1. Sientific adviser is Lukyanova Larisa.Glutamic acid is one of the 20-22 proteinogenic amino acids, and its codons are GAA and GAG. It is a non-essential amino acid. The carboxylate anions and salts of glutamic acid are known as glutamates Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor or the AMPA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, glutamate is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain.Glutamate is a key compound in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serve as metabolic fuel for other functional roles in the body. Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a point mutation in the β-globin chain of hemoglobin (β-globin gene is found on chromosome 11), causing the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid to be replaced with the hydrophobic amino acid valine at the sixth position. The drug phencyclidine (more commonly known as PCP) antagonizes glutamic acid non-competitively at the NMDA receptor. References: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle-cell_disease] [Notebook for practical works in Cytology and Human Genetics- Kharkiv 2012, pages: 42, 43]
Thereso Sthembiso Masngo, group 1. Sientific adviser is Lukyanova Larisa.Histidine is an essential amino acid, (His or H) is an α-amino acid with an imidazole functional group. Manufactured in sufficient quantities in adults, but children may at some time have a shortage of this important vitamin. Histidine was first isolated by German physician Albrecht Kossel in 1896. It is an essential amino acid in humans and one of the basic (reference to pH factor) amino acids due to its aromatic nitrogen-heterocyclic imidazole side chain. Histamine is polar positively charged and metabolized into the neurotransmitter histamine. Metabolism: The amino acid is a precursor for histamine and carnosine biosynthesis. histidine to histamine by decarboxylase. Conversion of histidine to histamine by histidine decarboxylase In humans, the histidine decarboxylase enzyme is encoded by the HDC gene Histidine is required for
Food sources of histidine Dairy, meat, poultry and fish are good sources of histidine as well as rice, wheat and rye Toxicity and symptoms of high intake To high levels of histidine may lead to stress and mental disorders such as anxiety and people with schizophrenia have been found to have high levels of histidine. Histidinemia is an inborn error of the metabolism of histidine due to a deficiency of the enzyme histidase, where high levels of histidine are found in the blood and urine, and may manifest in speech disorders and mental retardation. METHIONINETinuola Olajide, group 1. Sientific adviser is Lukyanova Larisa.When in its natural L-form, methionine is a proteinogen amino acid. Methionine is the only sulphur-containing amino acid. [1] Furthermore methionine plays an important role in the synthesis of other proteins, such as carnitine or melatonine. Methionine has a fat-dissolving effect and reduces the depositing of fat in the liver. [2] Methionine is an important cartilage-forming substance. The cartilage in the joints requires sulphur for its production. [3] Methionine strengthens the nails and works to combat hair loss. Owing to its capacity to form sulphurous chains which in turn connect with each other, methionine is able to strengthen the structure of hair and nails. [4] REFERENCES 1,2 http://www.aminoacid-studies.com/amino-acids/methionine.html 3. Soeken, K.L., Lee, W.L., Bausell, R.B., Agelli, M. & Berman, B.M. (2002) Safety and efficacy of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for osteoarthritis, Journal of Family Practice, Volume 51, (pp. 425-430) 4. Haneke, E. & Baran, R. (2011) Micronutrients for Hair and Nails, Nutrition for healthy skin, Volume 2, (pp. 149-163) Alonso, L. & Fuchs, E. (2006) the hair cycle, Journal of Cell Science, issue 119, (pp. 391-393) жүктеу/скачать 3.18 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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