Методические указания и контрольные задания для студентов заочников
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- Контрольное задание 3
Вариант 5I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол- сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций. а) 1. Astronomers have measured the exact length of the day. 2. Astronomers find that the day is increasing by 0.002 seconds each century. б) 1. As a rule one great discovery is generally followed by numerous others. 2. We were shown a new alloy, which will be used, in modern technology. II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский 1. Matter consists of one or a number of basic elements occurring in nature. 2. One can use several modern devices while detecting and measuring radioactivity. 3. When heated to a certain temperature this alloy increases in volume. 4. This cloud chamber (камера Вильсона) is one of the devices used to detect the presence of radioactivity. III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. A computer can solve complicated problems many times faster than a mathematician. 2. A new type of plastics had to be obtained for space technology. 3. To measure the vast distances between different planets scientists have to use special instruments. 4. The nuclear-rocket engine should be thermally efficient. IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с1 по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2 и 3-й абзацы. Пояснения к тексту: 1. Powell - Пауэлл 2. particle physics – физика элементарных частиц 3. the Pugwush Conferences – Пагуошские конференции 4. were determined – были полны решимости 5. won a scholarship – получил (по конкурсу) стипендию 6. position – должность 7. sub-nuclear particle – субъядерная частица. C.F. Powell1 (1903-1969). 1. Powel was a prominent English scientist noted for his techniques and discoveries in particle physics2. He was also deeply concerned with problems relating to the social responsibility of scientists. Powell was a leader in the World Federation of Scientific Workers in the mid-1950’s and was a founder of the Pugwish Conferences3 on Science and World Affairs in 1957. As a public man and in his published articles Powell stressed the perils of destructive weapons and the need for international cooperation. 2. Powell was born in December 1903 in England. His parents were poor and they were determined4 to give their children a good education to increase their opportunities for a better life. In 1921 Powell won a scholarship5 of one of the colleges at Cambridge which he graduated in 1925 with first-class honors in science. He started his scientific career at the Cavendish laboratory headed by Ernest Rutherford. After gaining his scientific degree at Cambridge in 1928 Powell accepted a position6 at the Physics laboratory in the University of Bristol. Powell spent the rest of his career there advancing to professor in 1948 and director of the laboratory in 1964. 3. In 1947 Powell’s Bristol group identified a new particle in the cosmic radiation. Powell and other two scientists discovered the -meson and demonstrated that this sub-nuclear particle7 was produced directly in nuclear reactions and rapidly decayed in flight, producing the -meson. The discovery solved a complicated scientific problem and helped open a new era of particle physics. 4. Powell continued to develop and apply the photographic method of Bristol. His laboratory became the source of new experimental discoveries in meson physics and an international training center for physicists of many countries. In 1950 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his development of the photographic method and his meson discoveries.
Инфинитив в функции а) подлежащего, б) составной части сказуемого, в) определения, г) обстоятельства цели. 5. Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложениях. Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений. Образец выполнения 1 (к упр. I) Present Perfect Passive
Present Indefinite Passive
Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II)
Образец выполнения 3 (к упр. IV)
Вариант 1. I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. When much materials had been looked through and some problems had been solved, the article was published. 2. Electric cars will be widely used in future. 3. Today plastics are being applied for car bodies (корпус автомобиля). 4. This lecturer is listened to with great interest. II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one. 1. It is proved that light needs time to travel any distance. 2. One must take part in scientific work. 3. Specialists consider that in future city transport will reject gasoline. III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do. 1. Scientists had to create new materials for industry. 2. This material does not possess elastic properties. 3. This material has many valuable properties. 4. He was to get these data yesterday. IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение. 1. We know electricity produces heat. 2. The new materials chemists developed were used in space technology. V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива. 1. They were to install the new equipment. 2. The metal to be used in the experiment is to be hard. 3. To reinforce the metal engineers use artificial fibers. 4. To operate this complex device is rather difficult. VI. Прочитайте и переведите с 1 по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы. Пояснения к тексту: 1. for the most part – большей частью 2. in this respect – в этом отношении 3. as to – что касается 4. by far – несомненно. Better metals are vital to technological progress. 1. Since the earliest days the preparation of metals for mechanical use was vital to the advance of civilization. Gold, silver and copper were the first to be used by a primitive man, as they were found free in nature. Today we know more than sixty-five metals available in large enough quantities to be used in industry. 2. Metals are mostly solid at ordinary temperature and possess comparatively high melting points with the exception of mercury. They are for the most part1 good conductors of heat and electricity, and silver is the best in this respect2. As to3 their chemical properties the first point to be mentioned is that they vary widely in degree of chemical activity: some are enormously active and others are inert. The Earth contains a large number of metals useful to man. Of all metals to be utilized in industry iron remains by far4 the most important. Modern industry needs considerable quantities of this metal either in the form of iron or steel. 3. To get the desirable characteristics in metals or to improve them the art to mix metals and other substances began to develop. The first alloys that were formed in this way were sometimes stronger, tougher, harder and more elastic than the metals of which they were composed. To estimate nowadays how many alloys there exist in the modern world is difficult because their numbers increase daily. 4. To serve special uses modern metals and alloys must be lighter yet stronger, more corrosion-resistant, more suitable for automated fabrication yet less expensive than those available before. 5. Today transformation, communication, construction, farming and manufacturing all depend on the availability of suitable metals and alloys. VII. Прочитайте 1 и 2-й абзацы текста и ответьте на вопросы письменно. 1. What was vital to the advance of civilization? 2. What metals were the first to be used by a man? 3. Why were they used first? 4. How many metals are available in large quantities today? 5. What do transportation, communication, construction and manufacturing depend on? жүктеу/скачать 292.5 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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