Prevention and treatment of diseases gingivitis in children

«Молодой учёный» . № 52 (342)  . Декабрь 2020 г.
56
Медицина
а с увеличением возраста пациентов нарастает частота и тяжесть деструктивных изменений в пародонте. Поэтому приобре-
тает особое значение профилактика этих заболеваний.
Ключевые слова: гингивит, профилактика, лечения, детей.
A
ccording to the WHS, 80% of the world’s adult population is 
susceptible to gingivitis diseases, leading to the loss of teeth, the 
appearance of foci of chronic infection in the oral cavity, a decrease 
in the reactivity of the body, microbial sensitization, the develop-
ment of allergic conditions and other disorders. In childhood, the 
main disease of gingivitis is chronic catarrhal gingivitis, which pro-
ceeds without clear clinical manifestations and does not cause con-
cern for children. Inflammatory gum disease is widespread among 
people of various age groups, including more than half of children. 
Such diseases very often cause other dental diseases and the loss of 
the teeth themselves. Therefore, it is simply necessary to identify and 
treat all diseases of the oral cavity, which quite often can go unno-
ticed [1,4,8].
Gingivitis is one of the diseases of the dentition, which is charac-
terized by inflammation of the gingival mucosa [1,2,3]. As for other 
tissues that make up the gums, they remain unharmed during this 
disease. The ligamentous apparatus and bone tissue are not prone to 
changes. Basically, there is an inflammation of gingivitis in the area 
of several teeth [3,7]. The area of inflammation can vary depending 
on the age of the patient, the consistency and quality of oral care, 
etc [7,8]. The localization of this disease is basically the same — all 
areas that are poorly amenable to hygiene measures. To identify the 
first signs of gingivitis diseases and to carry out a complex of thera-
peutic and preventive measures, an annual preventive examination 
of healthy children is required. Signs of gingivitis pathology may be 
the first symptoms of serious diseases of the body (endocrine, he-
matological, etc.), which increases the responsibility of the pediatric 
dentist for their timely detection and treatment [1,5,6].
The aim is to offer a set of therapeutic and prophylactic mea-
sures to improve the state of hygiene of the oral cavity and gingivitis 
tissues, increase the level of dental health and reduce the need for 
treatment of children and adolescents. Prevention should promote 
the proper development of the body in the prenatal and early pe-
riod after birth, in the process of formation and growth in childhood. 
Women in whom pregnancy proceeds against the background of 
general pathology need comprehensive rehabilitation with the par-
ticipation of relevant specialists. The nutrition of a pregnant woman 
should be high in calories and fortified. Breastfeeding during the first 
months of a baby’s life is extremely important for the baby’s growth 
and development. Active sucking on the mother’s breast stimulates 
proper jaw growth and gingivitis tissue formation. When transfer-
ring to artificial feeding in order to prevent gingivitis diseases, you 
should choose a tight nipple with a small hole, shaped like a moth-
er’s nipple. The composition of the diet, the order of introduction 
and the type of complementary foods are prescribed by the pedia-
trician, but the dentist should recommend teaching the child to eat 
solid food as early as possible (from 6–7 months), he should be given 
pieces of raw fruits, vegetables, dry cookies, bread, etc..P. This will 
help prevent «chewing laziness», stimulate blood circulation in the 
dentition, the formation of gingivitis, improve salivation and self-
cleaning of the mouth. After the eruption of deciduous teeth, vig-
orous chewing movements also contribute to the physiological for-
mation of gingivitis tissues. Chewing of solid food is very favorable 
for this, both with temporary and with replaceable and permanent 
bites. The cleansing effect of chewing is complemented by oral care.
In diseases of gingivitis in children, hygienic oral care is an essen-
tial link in complex therapy. The greatest effectiveness of this mea-
sure is achieved provided that the doctor during the entire period 
of treatment teaches the child the basic rules for brushing teeth and 
controls them, gives recommendations on oral hygiene. Taking into 
account the child’s age, the dentist gives recommendations on the 
choice of a toothbrush, toothpaste and products for hygienic oral 
care.
He recommends that parents themselves carry out oral hygiene 
in a child up to the age of 3 years, observing the correct technique 
for brushing teeth. The dental market is filled with various products 
for hygienic oral care in children. The unique shape of the R. O. C. S. 
PRO Baby avoids excessive pressure on your baby’s teeth and gums 
while brushing without damaging the gums and immature tooth 
enamel. Toothbrush handle R. O. C. S. PRO Baby is made of high 
quality safe PET plastic. R. O. C. S. Toothpaste PRO Baby is designed 
to care for babies’ teeth from a very young age up to 3 years.
Principles of treatment of gingivitis diseases in children. Treat-
ment of gingivitis diseases in children should be comprehensive. The 
complex is made taking into account the etiology of the disease, the 
nature and severity of inflammatory and dystrophic changes in tis-
sues and data from a special clinical and laboratory study. If the child 
has general somatic or chronic systemic diseases, the general treat-
ment plan should be agreed with the pediatrician or specialist of the 
appropriate profile. In children with reduced rates of immunological 
reactivity of the body, stimulating therapy should be carried out as 
prescribed by the pediatrician.
In the presence of inflammation in soft tissues, various anti-in-
flammatory drugs are used. For this purpose, various dosage forms 
are used: ointments, pastes, aerosols, which are used in the form of 
applications and rinses, are injected into the periodontal pockets. To 
remove the sensitivity of the hard tissues of the teeth, which often ac-
companies the disease of gingivitis, the teeth are treated with fluo-
ride varnishes or pastes. From the huge arsenal of anti-inflammatory 
drugs for the local treatment of gingivitis diseases, enzyme prepa-
rations, antibiotics, antiseptics, and also drugs that promote tissue 
restoration are widely used. An important role in the treatment of 
gingivitis diseases is played by the elimination of various kinds of 
traumatic factors in the oral cavity using pediatric, surgical and or-
thopedic interventions. Defects such as shortened frenulum of the 
lips and massive cords of the mucous membrane, the small vesti-
bule are eliminated only by surgery. In the presence of pathological 
changes in the periodontium, great importance is attached to the 
elimination of dentoalveolar anomalies using orthodontic treatment 
methods. Correctingmalocclusion is mosteffective in childhood.
Topical treatment of gingivitis in children. Treating gingivitis 
in childhood is difficult. The disease in most cases is difficult. It is 

“Young Scientist” .  # 52 (342) .  December 2020

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