SELECTION AND SEED GROWING

For the sound reproduction of the pine forests in the central steppe, improve their environmental and resource potential special attention should be paid to the organization and efficient use of natural seed base of natural populations, selected on the basis of study of mold diversity, geographical and ecological variability of Scots pine in the geographic cultures of the central forest-steppe.

Study of mold diversity, geographical and ecological variation of tree species is an important reserve for increasing the productivity and sustainability of newly established forests. This article studies growth and survival of Scots pine in the geographic cultures of central forest-steppe. Using the method of factor analysis the differentiation of the population structure of Scots pine on the European part of Russia in terms of productivity, quality of the trunk is presented.

Key words: intraspecific variability, geographical culture, climatypes, safety, productivity, Scots pine, population structure.

Larch has long been drew attention of foresters as a fast growing, stable, decorative species, besides having high physical-mechanical properties of wood. In rapidity of growth and wood quality larch exceeds fir and pine for 20 %.

Large domestic experience of forest growing and planting of greenery shows that in the zone of mixed forests and forest-steppe one of the most productive tree species is larch. Larch is distinguished by rapid growth, high technical qualities of wood, resistance to harmful climatic influences and fungi and insect damage, sharply expressed water protection and protective properties, it is decorative one.

Geographic larch cultures serve as a tool to enhance biodiversity and its conservation in the central steppe, they are an important reserve for increasing the productivity and sustainability of newly established forests in this region.

The paper presents the results of a survey of experienced objects laid down in the 50s to study the introduction of different types of larch trees in the Voronezh region. Recommendations on the use of the most promising for reforestation in the Voronezh region D₂ type and geographic origin of larch are given.

Key words: larch, productivity of forest plantations, geographic cultures, preservation of larch in geoculture, introduction of larch.

In saturating competitive market conditions, the guaranteed production and marketing of timber can be provided as part of custom production, oriented to meet the individual needs of consumers. Comprehensive use of information technology makes it possible to reorganize the management process, providing new opportunities for managers in strategy planning, organization of decision making and control over their implementation. Availability of raw materials with the necessary parameters (diameter, length, rise, volume) is determined by the state of basis and market conditions. The possibility of implementing an order from the available raw materials (or the organization of its supply) can be obtained on the basis of a decision taken by expert assessments and based on practical experience of project manager. Expert assessments and manager experience have, to some extent, the probabilistic nature, and do not give an adequate response to the possibility of implementing the project. Having the tool of determined support can take an informed decision about the possibility of implementing the order and determine the trend of technological options for its execution. We consider the program block of decision making in verification subsystem of_ decision-sawing program by volume in a system of problem-oriented CAD calculating symmetric sets. Using the calculated ratio obtained on the basis of statistical data and practically valid conclusions, the conditions under which a decision can be taken for the organization of process chain of forming an implementation plan of decision-sawing program specifications are analyzed. At the same time three basic principles of modern information technology are implemented – interactive (dialog) mode, integration with different software, the flexibility of the process of changing both the data and statements of problems. Software implementation of the subsystem to a certain extent made it possible to reduce the requirements for the issue of optimizing the speed of decision-making and flexibility in organizing data at the stage of experimental verification.

Keywords: symmetric decision-sawing program, CAD management, decision making, cutting ratio, live and cant-and-live log sawing, P.P. Aksenov.
Economics and production organization
Bezrukova T.L., Borisov A.N., Shanin I.I. The formation and the basic elements of mechanism of increase in economic efficiency of furniture industry enterprises. – P. 107-122.

In modern conditions, the use of effective mechanisms for enterprise becomes the most urgent, and the mechanism is considered as a system that ensures the flow of processes in the organization. The mechanism of increase in economic efficiency of the company must penetrate into all processes of the enterprise, this is due to the fact that in modern conditions, the basic idea is the idea of the constancy of changes and improvements that affect all aspects of the enterprise. Accordingly, the mechanism for increasing the efficiency of economic activity of enterprise is one of the major implementers of maintain competitiveness in a rapidly changing competitive environment.

The aim of any industrial enterprise is the production of certain goods (works, services) of specified volume and quality, within a specified time. But in determining the scale of production it should be based not only on the individual needs of the product, but also the need to achieve maximum efficiency must be taken into account. Therefore, evaluation of the quality of work of industrial enterprises should be made, above all, by determining the economic efficiency of production. This requires a mechanism for increasing the efficiency of economic activities of the enterprise.

High efficiency of production is a necessary prerequisite for a systematic and decisive expanded reproduction. Production efficiency is one of the key categories of market economy, which is directly linked to achieving the ultimate goal of industrial development in general and of each company individually.

Economic science defines the category of efficiency as the impact of the production process, the production system or a particular form of management. In the most general form economic efficiency of production is a quantitative relationship between the two quantities: the results of operations and expenditures made.

Keywords: mechanism of efficiency, economic activity, investment, industry, enterprise, efficiency, element.

In this paper we consider a system of motivation and incentives for workers in business, established in the modern market economy. This topic is relevant today since it is on how employees are satisfied with the prevailing conditions, the competitiveness of business structure depends largely on. In practice, various concepts of motivation and incentives are used, and domestic and foreign experience used to reconcile the interests of employers and their employees, as well as to make motivate and stimulate processes more efficient. Also, this article delineates the concept of "motivation" and "incentives" as they are often used as a synonym of similar value, which is not so. Further the main characteristics of workers are given that are affected by motivation, such as honesty, focus, effort, diligence and perseverance, internal and external motivation is considered as one of the classifications of motivation, which depends on factors of human exposure, the main groups of employees motivation are analyzed: coercion and punishment, financial incentives, moral encouragement and self-assertion; concepts such as punishment and encouragement from management are outlined. Employee motivation to work is realized in earnings through its incentive function, and each employee has four types of motivation – moral, economic, social and repressive, but also each employee has a certain level of inherent motivational complex: high, above average, average and low, and further in this article, the dependence of incentives for workers on their level of motivation complex is examined.

Keywords: motivation, incentives, motivation system, moral encouragement, financial incentives, self-assertion, coercion, punishment, remuneration of labour, business.