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Найновите научни постижения - 2023
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| Найновите научни постижения - 2023 ★ Volume 9
94 The central problem of the psychology of innovativeness is the problem of theoretical and experimental substantiation of mechanisms, forms and methods of psychological emancipation of the creative potential of the individual and providing psychological comfort for productive innovative socio-cultural activities. The innovativeness of socio-cultural activities turns out to be the more successful, the higher the need for new things in a given person. There are different points of view about the essence of this need, including the opposite ones. Voltaire believed that if a person did not have a need for the new, then we would still "climb trees and eat acorns," and Hegel even believed that the need for the new is an essential characteristic of a "social person." However, the point of view is also known, according to which the main meaning of human life is self-preservation, maintaining one's being precisely through the cultivation of self-restraint, meekness [13]. The non-systemic determination and the innovative impulse, reduced by the systemic minority, presupposes the existence of peculiar proto-institutions (normative niches) that provide a vital intra-systemic space for the innovative minority, namely: for deviants, i.e. subjects of both nonconformist behavior (principled manifest deviation) and aberrant behavior (expedient, but masked deviation [14]). The extra-systemic (countercultural) nature of the focus on the "new" was noticed by the ancient Romans, who noticed that, as a rule, not free citizens, but "rabble" showed interest in the new. V.I. Vernadsky also noted that the carriers of the new throughout the history of mankind were outcasts of society. At the same time, any truly creative work is quite often accompanied by certain doubts and even, one might say, a risk: will inspiration come or will it not come? And the "low" reality is such that you can be a good scientist, actor or engineer all your life and not make a single significant discovery, not play a single outstanding role, not create an interesting technical invention, but at the same time experience no less real and sincere moral and psychological satisfaction from your activities [13]. The innovative readiness of consciousness largely depends on what emotional and motivational states a particular problem situation causes in a person. These states (activism, indifference, fear) certainly have an impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of innovation. It is known that an increase in motivation (as well as a situation of excessive psychological comfort) leads to an increase in innovative activity |