Noun: Dancing had not begun yet. – Танцы еще не начались. (b) by an infinitive



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The Gerund

gerund or verbal noun


Exercise 20. Analyse the ing-forms stating whether they are gerunds or verbal nouns.
I hate the idea of your wasting your time. 2. I was afraid of being called upon to give evidence against her. 3. The twins devotedly gave up their day to the cutting of sandwiches. 4. She was put out by being kept waiting. 5. I sat in the sun, extremely tired in my bones after the crossing of the mountain on the previous day. 6. She was angry at being put beside Tom. 7. He was engaged in overwhelming Helen with re­proaches for not having told him of Jack's change of sleeping quarters. 8. It was hot walking through the town but the sun was starting to go down and it was very pleasant. 9. Godfrey felt guilty at having gossiped to Olive about Lettie's changes in her will. 10. It was good walking on the road. But it was lovely walking in the woods. 11. Poirot lost no time in visiting M. Hautet. 12. He crossed back into the doorway, and slowly, to keep down the beating of his heart, mounted the single flight of stairs and rang the bell. 13. There was a tramping of feet. 14. No one ever thought of protecting Isabel. 15. He walked to the edge of the ter­race, and looked down into the darkness; he could just see the powdering of the daisies on the unmown lawn. 16. Raising good cotton, riding well, dancing lightly were the things that mattered. 17. It was a habit with him to tell her the doings of his day. 18. He liked dancing quickly. 19. Lewis had offices in Zurich and London, and his comings and goings were casual. 20. "I'm not very clever at guessing people's ages," she said coldly. 21. It is sure sign with her, of either the getting or the giving of information. I wonder which it had been.

REVISION: the Gerund


Exercise 1. State the function of the gerund and gerundial constructions. Translate into English.
A) 1. Nobody can go on living without some belief. 2 .... she did not like being plunged back into a slave state. 3. He greet­ed me noisely, but I cut him short by giving him the telegram. 4. "She cannot sleep without seeing and speaking to you once more," I said. "She does not like the thought of leaving you." 5. Without putting anything into words, they bade each other fare­well. 6. I remember laughing aloud, and the laugh being carried by the wind away from me. 7. There came the sound of the door closing then being locked. 8. Upon awakening she dressed quickly and left the house. 9. He felt better for having written the letter. 10. "It's no good you hating it," said Mr. Bunting, becoming didactic. 11. Do you mind giving me your name and telephone number, please? 12. Pe­ter Saward only replied by staring at the paper knife and shaking his head slowly to and fro, and twisting his long legs into knots under the desk. 13. Mr. Dorrit positively trembled in addressing the great man. 14. Unfortunately, this fruitful silence was ruined by the sound of a door being banged. 15. He never ceased talking. 16. Well, it's no use my telling you a lie. 17. Life seemed worth fighting for. 18. Petra sat through her first lesson without saying a word and without paying much attention to the lecture and the examples on the blackboard. 19. But now a difficulty arose - hostile Indians could not break the bread of hospitality together without first making peace, and this was a simple impossibility without smoking a pipe of peace. 20. Only the other day they had been talking about something happen­ing, and now it had happened to him. 21. I was torn between the fear of hurting a nice woman's feelings and the fear of being in the way. 22. She cursed herself for not having thought to bring a visiting card. 23. It is awfully hard work doing nothing. 24. He was angry with me for bringing the news. 25. He went on talking to my wife.
B) 1 She was listening hard all the time for any sound of Jan Lusiewicz descending the stairs. 2. After washing his heavy stone cup and tin plate, he stretched himself· wearily on the bed. 3. She enjoyed giving parties. 4 He knew that I, or any competent man, would not have denied a point so specific without being dead sure. 5. wish I'd never told you the truth, but it's no use denying it. 6. He meant to begin his investigation by seeing the church. 7. But outside it kept on raining. 8. They could not understand how he had so nearly succeeded in deceiving them. 9. ... in passing under a lamp, Graham encountered my eye. 10. Stephen was absorbed the greater part of the time in wishing he were not forced to stay in town yet another day. 11. Why was going with Joseph any different from going with Elinor? 12. She tried, by staring into the glass, to see what the expression was on the man's face. 13 ...little Hans nodded and smiled, and felt very proud of having a friend with such noble ideas. 14. "You can't have a war," said Douglas, "without someone getting hurt." 15. She was not conscious of having shown any special interest in Mr. Lincoln. 16. I began ... by explaining the situation in the North. 17. Being alone in your own country is worse than being alone anywhere else. 18. Mr. Bumble's conduct on being left to himself was rather inexplicable. 19. He could stand behind the door and take a chance at surprising Joseph. 20. She seemed a little self-conscious now and she avoided meeting his eyes. 21. At night... I would imagine him going up my stairs, knocking at my door, sleeping in my bed.


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