Объединение юридических лиц в форме ассоциации «общенациональное движение «бобек»
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- Research Methodology
- INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL «GLOBAL SCIENCE AND INNOVATIONS 2022: CENTRAL ASIA» ASTANA, KAZAKHSTAN, SEPTEMBER 2022 75
| Literature review
Protectionism and anti-globalization tides have been rising during the past few yeas, with Brexit and the China-U.S. trade war, as two examples. Certain policies implemented due to COVID-19 have further disrupted global trade, investment and value chains; difficulties in getting supplies of medical equipment have, for example, triggered an increased interest in de-globalizing value chains (Miroudot 2020). Mobility has also increased substantially over the years, driven by a variety of factors, with social, political, cultural and economic circumstances all playing major roles (e.g. Massey 1993; Hatton and Williamson 2005; IMO 2019). Studies by Gould (1994), Head and Ries (1998) and others ignited research on the mobility- trade nexus. The research has investigated migrants’ capacity to facilitate trade and other forms of international business activity. While most studies have focused on how migrants affect international trade flows at an aggregate level, recently some studies utilize matched employer- employee data instead. Research Methodology Methods of data grouping, analysis and systematic analysis, comparison and expert evaluation were used effectively in the preparation of the scientific article. In addition, monographic observation and analysis of its results were studied. 1 Яковлева Е.А. Тенденции разделения труда в сельском хозяйстве. Теория и практика. Воронеж: ВГУ, 2010. (Yakovleva E.A. Labor division trends in agriculture. Theory and practice. Voronezh: Voronezh State University, 2010.) INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL «GLOBAL SCIENCE AND INNOVATIONS 2022: CENTRAL ASIA» ASTANA, KAZAKHSTAN, SEPTEMBER 2022 75 Migrants in their nature are businessmen and active members of society. Historically, mobility has led to economic growth, assimilation of nations and enrichment of marginalized cultures [Parmanov, 2019]. It should also be taken into account that there are significant problems in the analysis of mobility processes. In particular, in most cases, migrants are exploited and their rights are violated. It is difficult for migrants to adapt to the culture and lifestyle of the host country. The host countries deprive the indigenous population of jobs. This, in turn, shapes the negative attitude of the local population towards migrants. For these and many other reasons, the problem of mobility needs to be studied comprehensively, including politically and sociologically. Socially in-depth scientific research, on the one hand, covers the new infrastructure of the labor market, labor-intensive industries and technological processes of production, on the other hand, creates and develops market relations in traditional sectors of the economy. In recent years, mobility has been at the center of active political debate. Most people welcome immigrants, but there are also misconceptions and fears. For example, some believe that migrants are burdensome for the economy. Regulated mobility has always shown its positive aspects. The most important tool for regulating mobility processes is the improvement of the legal and regulatory framework. Decree № PP-4829 "On measures to implement the system of safe, orderly and legal mobility," signed by the President of the September 15, 2020, opened the way to solving the many problems that still exist in Uzbekistan. The main purpose of the Decree is to improve the work of the competent authorities in the field of external labor mobility, training of persons wishing to work abroad in high-demand professions, protection of the rights of citizens abroad, employment of returning labor migrants, as well as social support for their families Safe, orderly and legal labour mobility system was identified as the following: - increasing the scale of the organized sending of citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan abroad for temporary work, expanding for these purposes the range of tasks and powers of ministries, departments and local executive authorities; - development of international cooperation in the field of external labor mobility, strengthening ties with organizations of compatriots and Uzbek diasporas abroad; - the establishment of effective teaching practice professions and languages of citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan before leaving to work abroad, the introduction of the issuance of an internationally recognized system of certificate attesting to their professional qualifications; - expansion of the practice of financial and social support for migrant workers in a difficult situation, the security of their life and health organizations for their cultural and educational events; - implementation of measures aimed at promoting and ensuring the rights of citizens carrying out labor activities abroad, creating favorable conditions for them; - reintegration of those who returned from labor mobility, including their employment, professional development and promotion of entrepreneurial initiatives [Resolution, PP-4829, 2020]. According to the decree, one of the main directions of the system is the effective implementation of the practice of teaching the citizens of Uzbekistan a profession and foreign languages before going to work abroad, the introduction of a system of internationally recognized certificates of professional competence. Also, according to the decree from January 1, 2021: - introduced the procedure of issuing microloans persons recognized by the information system "Unified Register of Social Protection," a member of a needy family and traveling abroad by organized labor mobility for temporary employment; |