Blooms’s taxonomy of cognitive goals
The following table proposed by Robert Fisher (2005, p.57) lists the various categories and processes involved in the various thinking levels.
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Category
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Thinking process cues
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1
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Knowledge
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Say what you know, what you remember, describe, repeat,
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(remembering and
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define, tell who, when, which, where, what
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retaining)
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2
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Comprehension
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Describe in your own words, tell how you feel about, say,
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(interpreting and
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what it means, explain, compare, relate
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understanding)
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3
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Application (taking part)
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How can you use it, where does it lead to you, apply what
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you know, use it to solve problems, demonstrate
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4
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Analysis (taking part)
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What are the parts, the order, the reasons why, the cases,
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the problems, the solutions, the consequences
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5
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Synthesis (putting
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How might it be different, how else , what if, suppose,
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together)
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develop, improve, create in your own way
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6
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Evaluation (judging and
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How would you judge it, does it succeed , will it work,
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assessing)
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would you prefer, why do you think so
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Many learning activities can be organised or analysed in terms of the above categories.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS THAT MAY BE USED IN THE ACTIVITIES
Remember
Useful Verbs
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Sample Question Stems
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List
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• What happened after...?
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Locate
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• How many...?
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Name
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• Who was it that...?
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Recognize
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• Can you name the...?
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State
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• Describe what happened at...?
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Describe
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• Who spoke to...?
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Recall
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• Can you tell why...?
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Repeat
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• Find the meaning of...?
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Retrieve
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• What is...?
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• Which is true or false...?
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65
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Understanding
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Useful Verbs
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Sample Question Stems
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Conclude
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Can you write in your own words...?
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Define in your own words
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• Can you write a brief outline...?
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Illustrate
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• What do you think could of happened next...?
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Predict
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• Who do you think...?
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Tell
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• What was the main idea...?
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Identify
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• Who was the key character...?
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paraphrase
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• Can you distinguish between...?
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Summarize
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• What differences exist between...?
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Categorize
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• Can you provide an example of what you mean...?
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Classify
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• Can you provide a definition for...?
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Discuss
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Match
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Sort
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Compare
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Contrast
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Explain
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Applying
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Useful Verbs
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Sample Question Stems
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Generalize
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Do you know another instance where...?
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Infer
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• Could this have happened in...?
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Show
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• Can you group by characteristics such as...?
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Use
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• What factors would you change if...?
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• Can you apply the method used to some experience
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of your own...?
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• What questions would you ask of...?
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• From the information given, can you develop a set
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of instructions about...?
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• Would this information be useful if you had a ...?
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Evaluating
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Useful Verbs
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Sample Question Stems
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Assess
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• Is there a better solution to...?
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Justify
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• Judge the value of...
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Critique
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• Can you defend your position about...?
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Judge
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• Do you think ... is a good or a bad thing?
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• How would you have handled...?
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• What changes to ... would you recommend?
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• Do you believe…?
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• Are you a ... person?
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• How would you feel if...?
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• How effective are...?
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• What do you think about...?
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66
Creating
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