ПӘннің электрондық ОҚУ-Әдістемелік кешені
PERFECT TENSES (ПЕРФЕКТНЫЕ ВРЕМЕНА)
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- Have they sent
PERFECT TENSES (ПЕРФЕКТНЫЕ ВРЕМЕНА)To have + Participle II Present Perfect Tense употребляется: 1. Для выражения действия, законченного к настоящему моменту, но связанного с настоящим. Связь с настоящим осуществляется двумя путями: 1) Результатом (имеющимся налицо в данный момент) действия, которое совершилось ранее: I have brought the book. Я принес книгу. (Действие закончилось к настоящему моменту, но результат действия налицо—принесенная книга.) I have torn my dress. Я порвала платье. (Действие закончилось к настоящему моменту, но результат этого действия налицо—порванное платье).
Past Perfect Tense употребляется: 1. Для выражения действия, которое совершилось ранее другого действия в прошлом. Глагол, обозначающий более позднее прошедшее действие, употребляется в Past Simple: My watch stopped as I had not wound it up. Past Perfect употребляется как в главном, так и в придаточном предложении, в зависимости от того, в каком из этих предложений выражено более раннее прошедшее действие. 2. Для выражения действия, которое совершилось к данному моменту в прошлом. Этот данный момент в прошлом выражается такими обозначениями времени, как by that time к тому времени, by 3 o'clock к трем часам, by the evening к вечеру, by the end of the month к концу месяца и т. п.: By that time the first snow had quite gone. К тому времени первый снег, совсем сошел.
Future Perfect употребляется для выражения будущего действия, которое закончится к тому .моменту, когда наступит другое будущее действие. В русском языке в обоих предложениях, как в главном, так и в придаточном, употребляется будущее время: употребляется: 1. Для выражения будущего действия, которое совершится ранее другого будущего действия. Future Perfect употребляется в главном предложении, а в придаточном предложении употребляется Present Indefinite для выражения последующего (более позднего) будущего действия (согласно правилу употребления времен после союзов when, before и т. д.): 2. Для выражения будущего действия, которое совершится к данному моменту времени в будущем. Этот данный момент в будущем указывается такими обозначениями времени, как by that time к тому времени, by 4 o'clock к 4 часам, by the evening к вечеру, by the end of the month к концу месяца и т. п.
Употребляется с такими обозначениями времени, как today сегодня, this year в этом году, this month в этом месяце; this week на этой неделе, tonight сегодня вечером, this morning сегодня утром и т. п.: I haven't seen him this month Я не видел его в этом месяце, They have tested the new combine this morning. Они проводили испытания нового комбайна сегодня утром. С теми же обозначениями времени может употребляться Past Simple, если указанный период времени уже истек или если имеется в виду определенный момент этого периода: I saw him this morning. Я видел его сегодня утром (утро уже прошло). Но: I have seen him this morning. Я видел его сегодня утром (утро еще не закончилось). We finished our experiment on Monday this week. Мы закончили наш опыт в понедельник на этой неделе. (Глагол to finish стоит в Past Indefinite, так как указан определенный момент—понедельник, который уже прошел).Present Perfect употребляется с наречиями неопределенного времени, основными из которых являются следующие: already уже, never никогда, ever когда-либо, often часто, always всегда, so far пока, до сих пор, just только что, not yet еще нет.
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I variant Жаттығу 1. Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect шақтарын қойып, жақшаны ашыңыздар. 1. I (to do) my homework by six o'clock tomorrow. 2. I (to do) my homework by the time you come. 3. He has (to tell) us nothing about it.4. She has (to tell) them some stories about dogs. 5. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 6. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 7. Have you (to read) any stories by Jack London? 8. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 9. You (to do) this work by next Sunday? 10. How many pages you (to read) by five o'clock tomorrow?
1. (I, finish) _____ my work. I finished it two hours ago. 2. (she, fly) Ms. Parker travels to Washington, D.C., frequently. _____ there many times. 3. (you, learn) Your English is getting better. _____ a lot of English since you came here. 4. (we, be) My friend and I came here two months ago. _____ in this city for two months. 5. (she, be) Kate is falling behind in her schoolwork. _____ absent from class a lot lately. Жаттығу 3. Берілген сөйлемдерді Past Simple немесе Present Perfect шағына қойып, жақшаны ашыңыздар: 1. A: Have you ever talked to Professor Alston about your grades? B: Yes, I _____ . I (talk) _____ to him about my grades a couple of times. In fact, I (talk) _____ to him after class yesterday about the F I got on the last test. 2. A: (Bob, have, ever) _____ a job? B: Yes, he _____ He (have) _____ lots of part-time jobs. Last summer he
Not surprisingly there are also problems. Some goods would be under purchased if the government did not provide free or subsidized supplies. Examples of this type of good and service are health and education. There are other goods and services, such as defence and policing, that are impossible to supply individually in response to consumer spending. Once defence or a police force is supplied to a country then everyone in this country benefits. A cornerstone of the market system is that production alters swiftly to meet changing demands. These swift changes can, however, have serious consequences. Imagine a firm, which switches from labor-intensive production to one where new technology is employed in the factory. The resulting unemployment could lead to social as well as economic problems.
1. We have (to have) two lessons today. 2. She has not (to speak) yet. 3. They have (to ask) me several questions. 4. He has already (to learn) the rule. 5. Who has (to write) this article? 6. We have already (to learn) a lot of English words. 7. Who has (to teach) you to do it? 8. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 9. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before.10.I have just (to put) the pen on the table. Жаттығу 2. Сөйлемдерді Present Perfect шағына қойыңыздар 1. A: Is Jim going to eat lunch with us today? B: No. He (eat, already) _____ . 2. A: Do you and Erica want to go to the movie with us tonight? B: No thanks. We (see, already) _____ it. 3. A: When are you going to write your paper for Dr. Roth? B: I (write, already) _____ it. 4. A: When is Jane going to call her parents and tell them about her engagement? B: She (call, already) _____ them. 5. A: This is a good book. Would you like to read it when I'm finished? B: Thanks, but I (read, already) _____ it. Жаттығу 3. Берілген сөйлемдерді Past Simple немесе Present Perfect шағына қойып, жақшаны ашыңыздар: 1. A: Have you ever been to Europe? B: Yes, I____. I (be)____ to Europe several times. In fact, I (be)____ in Europe last year.
B: I (finish, already) ______it. I (finish) _____ my work two hours ago. Жаттығу 4. Мәтінді оқып, қазақ тіліне аударыңыз. Market system We can see that in a market economy it is consumers who decide what is to be produced. Consumers will be willing to pay high prices for products they particularly desire. Firms, which are privately owned, see the opportunity of increased profits and produce the new fashionable and favored products. The economy adjusts automatically to meet changing demands. No planners have to be employed, which allows more resources to be available for production. New advanced products and low prices are good ways to increase sales and profits. Since all turns are privately owned they try to make the largest profits possible. &&&
&&& $$$003-009-001$3.3.9.1. Практикалық сабаққа арналған оқу-әдістемелік нұсқаулар №9. Сабақтың мақсаты:1. Жаңа грамматикалық материалды қайталау және бекіту. 2. Логикалық ойлауды, салыстыру, сараптау, маңызды нәрсені көре білу дағдыларын дамыту. Әдістемелік нұсқаулар:.Оқу техникасын дамыту, сөйлемдерді ағылшын тілінде түсіне білу. Етістіктің маңыздылығын етістіктің негізгі формаларымен байланыстыра таныстыру. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense (аяқталған созылыңқы осы шақ) The Present Perfect Continuous шағы бұрын басталған іс-әрекеттің осы кезге дейінгі болып жатқан созылыңқылығын білідіреді. I have been waiting for you a long time. – Мен сізді ұзақ уақыттан бері күтіп жүрмін.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense (аяқталған созылыңқы өткен шақ) Бұл шақта бұрын басталған іс – әрекеттің белгілі –бір уақытқа дейін болғанын және оның созылыңқылығын, яғни осы кезге дейін жалғасқанын білдіреді. Бұл шақтағы іс-әрекеттің The Past Simple, жалпы өткен шақтағы болған іc-әрекеттен ертерек, бұрынырақ болғандығын білдіреді: The businessmen had been discussing the contract terms for 2 days. – Іскер адамдар келісім шартын екі күннен бері талқылап жатқан
Future Perfect Continuous Tense (нәтижелі аяқталатын созылыңқы шақ) Белгілі бір уақыт кезеңіне дейін басталып, болашақта осы кезге дейін созылатын, созыла беретін қимылды білдіретін шақ. By the end of this year they will have been here for 2 years. – Осы жылдың аяғында, олардың мұнда тұрғанына екі жыл толады.
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I variant Жаттығу 1. Present Continuous немесе Present Perfect Continuous шақтарын қолданып, жақшаны ашыңыздар: 1. What they (to do) now? — They (to work) in the reading-room. They (to work) there for already three hours. 2. He (to play) volley-ball with his friends. They (to play) since breakfast time. 3. I (to live) in St. Petersburg since 1990. 4. She already (to do) her homework for two hours.5. I (to wait) for you since two o'clock. 6. What you (to do)? — I (to read). I (to read)for already two hours. I already (to read) sixty pages. 7. What you (to do) here since morning? 8. This is the factory where my father (to work). He (to work) here for fifteen years. 9. You (to play) with a ball for already three hours. Go home and do your homework. 10. Wake up! You (to sleep) for ten hours already. Жаттығу 2. Present Perfect Continuous немесе Present Perfect шақтарын қолданып, жақшаны ашыңыздар: 1. I …………….. (wait) long enough. I’m going. 2. How long ………… (you wait)? 3. Her family …………. (farm) this land since the tenth century. 4. She …………. (only farm) for two years, but she is doing very well. 5. I ………….. (learn) German for six years. 6. I ………… (learn) most of the irregular verbs.
US Ambassador to the republic of Kazakhstan, Larry C Napper: “Over the past 10 years, Kazakhstan has laid a solid foundation for its market economy. The challenge for Kazakhstan is now to build on those successes and foster growth and diversification by liberalizing trade, improving the investment climate and privatizing state-owned enterprises. At the same time, Kazakhstan must invest in its future by improving the health care and educational systems. One can confidently predict that Kazakhstan will become the economic engine of the region – the Tiger of Central Asia”. Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Kazakhstan, Mortaza Saffari Natanzi: “The very high understanding that exists between Iran and Kazakhstan has its roots in many common historical and cultural traditions. Both countries are in the same sphere of civilization and have common historical and cultural characteristics – the people respect the same scientists, philosophers and poets. Both Iran and Kazakhstan have a high economic potential and can play complementary roles in each other’s economies and international policies, especially concerning the Caspian sea and in the development of Central Asia as a whole”. Ambassadorof the Rupublic of K00orea to Kazakhstan, Choi Seung – hoh: “Since its independence in 1991, Kazakhstan has achieved significant political development and economic reforms. It has achieved multi-remarkable degree of stability and openness of its society and evident growing activities of political forces and NGOs in support of democratic values, human rights and humanitarian intervention”.
1. Mark isn't studying right now. He (watch) _______ TV. He (watch) _______ TV since seven o'clock. 2. Kate is standing at the corner. She (wait) _______ for the bus. She (wait) _______ for the bus for twenty minutes. 3. I (sit) _______ in class right now. I (sit) _______ since ten minutes after one. 4. A: You look busy right now. What (you, do) _______ ? B: I (work) _______ on my physics experiment. It's a long and difficult experiment. A: How long (you, work) _______ on it? B: I started planning it last January. I (work) _______ on it since then. Жаттығу 2. Present Perfect Continuous немесе Present Perfect шақтарын қолданып, жақшаны ашыңыздар: 1. The man ………… (stand) outside for hours. 2. The castle …………… (stand) on that hill for 900 years. 3. Ann ……….. (garden) all afternoon. She ……… (plant) a lot of rose bushes. 4. James ………….. (go) out every night this week. 5. He ……………. (see) a lot of paintings recently. 6. My mother …………… (do) Christmas shopping all day.
Ambassador of Canada to Kazakhstan, Hector Cowan: “Canada considers Kazakhstan a natural partner in Central Asia. The two countries have often held similar opinions on international matters. For example, we were in agreement with the emphasis President Nursultan Nazarbayev placed on ridding his country of nuclear weapons and promoting a nuclear-free zone in Central Asia”. Our views on the need to combat terrorism also largely coincide, though Canada and Kazakhstan are involved in different ways. Canada is concerned about the worldwide effects of terrorism, while Kazakhstan faces quite different challenges as being a close neighbor of the countries that have become the focus of the anti-terrorist struggle”. Ambassador of the Netherlands to Kazakhstan, A.H. Speekenbrik: “I think the economic and financial policies of Kazakhstan are very sound. Though most of the FDI is being directed into one sector, the government is aware that this is not a healthy basis for economic growth and is looking for ways and means to direct investment into industrial production and agro –industry. In general, the country is actively trying to solve the difficulties”. &&&
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$$$003-010-001$3.3.10.1 Практикалық сабаққа арналған оқу-әдістемелік нұсқаулар №10. Сабақтың мақсаты: 1. Ырықсыз етіс туралы білімді тереңдету және жүйелеу. Әдістемелік нұсқаулар:.Оқу техникасын дамыту, сөйлемдерді ағылшын тілінде түсіне білу. Етістіктің маңыздылығын етістіктің негізгі формаларымен байланыстыра таныстыру. PASSIVE VOICE - Ырықсыз (өзгелік) етіс to be written
&&& $$$003-010-002$3.3.10.2 Сабақтан алған білімді тексеру тапсырмалары немесе тестілік сұрақтар №10. I variant Жаттығу 1. Берілген сөйлемдерді ырықсыз етіс формасына қойыңыздар. 1.The children have eaten the cake. The cake __________ by the children. 2. Linda wrote that letter. That letter __________ by Linda. 3. 10. Mr. Fox washed the windows. The windows __________ by Mr. Fox 4. Ms. Bond will teach our class. Our class __________ by Ms. Bond. 5. That company employs many people. Many people __________ by that company. Жаттығу 2. Етістіктің тиісті формасын қойыңыз.
Жаттығу 3. Мәтінді оқып, ырықсыз етіс формасында тұрған етістіктерді табыңыз. EARLY INVASIONS The Celts. Britain was invaded by many different people in early times. Between the sixth and the third century BC, the British Isles were invaded by Celtic tribes who settled in southern England. They originally came from Central Europe. Their culture goes back to about 1200 BC. Between 500 and 250 BC, they were the most powerful people north of the Alps. Originally they were pagan, with priests known as Druids. They later converted to Christianity. The Romans. In AD 43, the Romans invaded southern Britain. It became a Roman colony called Britannia. The Romans set up their capital in London and built major cities in Bath, Chester and York. The cities contained beautiful buildings, squares and public baths. Fine villas were built for Celtic aristocrats who accepted Roman rule. The Saxons, Jutes and Angles. From about AD 350, Germanic tribes began invading south-east England. The tribes came from what is now northern Germany, Holland and Denmark. The first to come were the Saxons, they were joined later by the Jutes and Angles. The Angles gave England its name. Britain had the protection of only a few Roman legions. The native people couldn’t stop the new enemy known as the Anglo-Saxons. The Celts fled north and west taking their ancient art and languages with them. Celtic languages have disappeared from most of Europe, but are still spoken in parts of Wales, Ireland and Scotland. II variant Жаттығу 1. Берілген сөйлемдерді ырықсыз етіс формасына қойыңыздар. 1. That company has hired Sue. Sue __________ by that company. 2. Mr. Adams will do the work. The work __________ by Mr. Adams. 3. Mr. Fox washed the windows. The windows __________ by Mr. Fox 4.The teacher helped them. __________ by the teacher. 5. The teacher helps us. __________ by the teacher. Жаттығу 2. Етістіктің тиісті формасын қойыңыз. 1. These books (have to + return) _____ to the library by tomorrow. 2. Polly (have to + return) _____ these books by next Friday. If she doesn’t return them, she (will + have to + pay) _____ a fine to the library. 3.Good news! I (may +offer) _____a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday. 4. Chris has good news. The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday (may + offer) _____ her a job soon.
The Vikings. About AD 790, the Vikings started to invade England. They came from Norway and mainly settled in Scotland and Ireland. The north and west of England were settled by the Danes. The Vikings were excellent trades and navigators. In 1016, England became part of the Scandinavian Empire under King Cnut. In 1066, England was again facing invasion from the north and the south. In September King Harold II marched north to defeat his half – brother , the king of Norway, at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Just three weeks later, he himself was defeated and killed at Hastings by another invader of Viking origin, William Duke of Normandy, from northern France. The Normans. The duke of Normandy, known as William the Conqueror, now became king of England, establishing a new Anglo – Norman state. England became a strong, centralized country under military rule. Castles appeared all over England to enforce the Norman rule. England has never been invaded since 1066. William was a harsh ruler: he destroyed many villages to make sure the English people did not rebel. The Norman’ power was absolute and the language of the new rulers, Norman – French, has had a lasting effect on English. &&& $$$003-011-000$3.3.11. Conditional sentences. &&&
$$$003-011-001$3.3.11.1 Практикалық сабаққа арналған оқу-әдістемелік нұсқаулар №11. Сабақтың мақсаты: 1. Жаңа тақырыппен таныстыру. Экономикалық тақырыптарға байланысты студенттердің сөздік қорын кеңейту. Әдістемелік нұсқаулар:.Оқу техникасын дамыту, сөйлемдерді ағылшын тілінде түсіне білу. Тапсырманы орындау үшін нұсқау бойынша берілген оқулықтағы қолданылған шақ формаларын қолдана отырып, шартты бағыныңқылы сөйлемдерді меңгеру қажет. Conditional sentences Бұлар when, provided, providing if, unless шылаулары арқылы басыңқы сөйлеммен байланысады. If you ever need me, I shall be always around. - Егер мен саған керек болсам, әрқашан сенің қасыңнан табыламын. Шартты сөйлемнің үш түрін еске сақтаңыздар I If the weather is fine, we shall play outside. If you ring me up, I shall tell you something. Егер ауа-райы жақсы болса, біз далада ойнаймыз. Егер сен маған қоңырау шалсаң (бүгін, ертең), мен саған бір нәрсе айтамын. II If the weather were fine, we should play outside. If you rang me up, I should tell you something. Егерде ауа-райы жақсы болғанда, біз далада ойнар едік. Егерде сен маған қоңырау шалған болсаң (бүгін, ертең, мен саған бір нәрсе айтар едім. III If the weather had been fine, we should have played outside. If you had rung me up, I should have told you something. Егерде ауа-райы жақсы болғанда (кеше) біз далада ойнаған болар едік. Если бы ты мне позвонил (вчера), я бы тебе кое-что рассказал. Егерде сен маған қоңырау шалған болсаң (кеше), мен саған бір нәрсе айтқан болар едім. &&& $$$003-011-002$3.3.11.2 Сабақтан алған білімді тексеру тапсырмалары немесе тестілік сұрақтар №11 I variant Жаттығу1. Жақшаны ашып, етістіктің дұрыс формасын қойыңыздар. 1. If you (invited/had invited) me last week, I (was able /had been able/would have been able) to come. 2. I’m sure your letter hasn’t arrived yet. If it (came/had come) I’m sure I (noticed/had noticed/would have noticed) it. 3. We have a suggestion to make. How (do you feel/would you feel) if (we offered/would offer/had offered) you the job of assistant manager? 4. Terry never catches anything when he goes fishing. And if he (catches/caught/ had caught) a fish, he (throws/would throw) it back.
1. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur coat. 2. If it (to rain), we shall have to staj, at home. 3. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 4, If it is not too cold, i (not to put) on my coat. 5. I (to write) the composition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 6. If ho (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. Жаттығу 3. Сөйлемдерді аударып, шартты сөйлемдердің түрін анықтаңыздар.
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