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TECHNICAL CONDITION OF A FIXED CAPITAL AS A WAY OF IMPROVEMENT OF ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN REGION
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TECHNICAL CONDITION OF A FIXED CAPITAL AS A WAY OF IMPROVEMENT OF ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN REGIONT.A.Yeliseyev, O.A.AbramenkoWe cannot imagine the modern world without plants and the factories making production necessary for a life of the modern person. But thus there was almost a rule for the enterprises to demonstrate a consumer relation to environment, to ignore nature protection norms under the pretext that they make production of the first necessity. But it is impossible to forget that for the person environment in which he lives should be paramount. But in modern conditions of managing it is the most effective to struggle for environment by economic methods. Nowadays the effective mechanisms of rational wildlife management are in the process of creation in Russia. Certain successes are already reached but all the same there is unresolved problem of replacement of existing production assets on new, resource-saving assets allowing to take care of ecosystem of cities and villages, prevent failures and uncontrollable emissions of harmful substances in environment. Every year expenses for reproduction of natural resources and for nature protection actions grow. Sources and methods of financing of these actions are not connected yet in uniform system that demands working out and introduction of decisions on solving an existing problem. We agree with opinion of the scientists offering to create ecological funds, both of the enterprises, and of territories. Sources of creation of ecological funds of the enterprises can be: depreciation charges on nature protection constructions and objects, incomes (depositary percent) from storage in bank of means of ecological fund; a part of profit of the enterprise used for financing of nature protection activity, a part of resource payments. Means of ecological fund of the enterprise will be spent under the control of bodies of wildlife management. Resources of nature protection fund can be used in coordination with nature protection bodies on perfection of the basic manufacture, replacement of the worn out equipment, providing decrease in harmful influence of the enterprise on environment (1). The situation for today is that some enterprises introduce expensive technologies and the equipment, allowing to lower negative influence on environment and to increase capacities, others prefer to pay penalties for emissions over maximum permissible norms. The index of atmospheric air pollution in cities of the Kemerovo region has grown on the average in 1,5 times for a year. Novokuznetsk is the leader. It is among ten the most polluted Russian cities (3). The reasons of it is manufacture growth at the enterprises of extracting and processing industries, an equipment deterioration, increase in quantity of mobile transport, growth of volumes of building. Volumes of output grow, but the out-of-date technics, the worn out equipment still are used at the enterprises. Accordingly, the more such technics works, the more the pollution from its operation. Unfavourable ecological conditions have developed in the Kemerovo region. It is an industrial region where there is a lot of the pollution and the saved up wastes. These are the former and operating mines which are a source of raised danger to a life and health of the people and the surrounding environment. Besides environment pollution the industrial enterprises there is also a number of other problems aggravating ecological conditions in area. In view of absence of financing sources weak economic interest of the enterprises in observance of norms of rational wildlife management and requirements in the field of preservation of the environment is observed. Besides, the monitoring system on execution of the established norms and low level of ecological culture and consciousness of workers of the industrial enterprises and the organizations of area (2) are extremely imperfect. For the Kemerovo region possessing powerful resource potential and developed infrastructure, the factors promoting deterioration of ecology are inherent characteristic for the majority of regions of the country. First of all, experts name the equipment deterioration at the enterprises. Operation of morally and physically out-of-date equipment on the majority of the industrial enterprises causes placing of a significant amount of wastes, pollution of air and water pools, environment deterioration. According to ecologists, a major factor promoting deterioration of ecological conditions is the deterioration of production assets (for example, breaks of pipelines or emissions of polluting substances because of inefficient work of gas-cleaning devices). Annually there are failures at the enterprises. The material damage from failures is estimated by hundreds millions dollars. Modern technologies lead to ecological crises and accidents if the approach to operation of available and designing of new manufactures is not changed consequences for region ecology can be irreversible. It is established by scientists that major accidents and fires accompanying them, explosions on the manufactures connected with processing of hydrocarbonic raw materials, in most cases occur because of leaks of a combustible liquid or the hydrocarbonic gas, arising basically for following reasons (3): - Imperfection of design decisions (3 %); - Constructive imperfection of the equipment (5 %); - Deviation from requirements of design-engineering specifications (12 %); - Defects of manufacturing of the equipment and materials (16 %); - Defects of civil and erection works (21 %); - Infringement of service regulations (27 %); - Deterioration of the equipment (11 %); - External natural and technogenic influences (5 %). The deterioration of a fixed capital considerably affects a condition of industrial safety of the coal enterprises of Kuzbass. Therefore without acceptance of measures on replacement of existing production assets the harm put to a life and health of inhabitants of the Kemerovo region and environment will increase in a geometrical progression. Unfortunately, the market situation for today is that the managing subjects are not be able to find free circulating assets for replacement and modernization of the worn out means of labour. Therefore, as own source of financing, we consider necessary to restore a functional role of depreciation charges as basic source of reproduction of production assets. Initially amortization does not carry out the role, the economic theory taken away to it. The sums of depreciation charges included in the cost price of made production, come back to the enterprise as a part of a gain from realization and are spent subsequently for a covering of current expenses of economic activities of the subject. In this connection, we consider that it is necessary to accumulate the sums of depreciation charges on the separate special bank account for the purpose of the subsequent use on perfection of the available equipment, introduction of manufactures without wastes or with a little amount of wastes, harmless resource-saving technologies, capable to minimize negative influence on ecology of Kuzbass. In our opinion, all above-stated will lead to creation of economically rational mechanism of wildlife management. жүктеу/скачать 5.91 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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