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6.3.11 Read the Sample of Resume and make up your own A resume must contain a summary of essential facts about your background: -Personal details -Career objective -Summary of skills and qualifications -Education -Work experience -Special skills/training -Special awards -Language skills -References John R. Pogodin 1 Park Avenue, Ap.32 New York, N.Y.11298 Tel.: (312) 489-5671 CAREER OBJECTIVE A position as a bookkeeper. SUMMARY 8 years of experience in all routine work in this field. Perfect knowledge of up-to-date computer software and statistics. RESPONSIBILITIES Compiled financial reports, balance sheets and production planning forecasts. WORK EXPERIENCE SIGMA, Inc. 1994- up to now New York Bookkeeper. In charge of account books and statements. EDUCATION Moscow State University. (1988-1993) - Moscow, Russia, Master (Economics). 1994 - Courses in marketing. REFERENCES Available upon request.
*Now have some fun My Boss When I take a long time I am slow When he takes a long time he is thorough When I don’t do it I am lazy When he doesn’t do it he’s too busy When I do something without being told I am a know-all When he does something without being told that’s initiative I wish I were my boss and always right!?! 6.3.13 Texts for additional reading Computer engineer I am very proud to study at the faculty of information systems and want to tell a few words about my speciality. I was always good at mathematics and physics. My parents bought me a computer and since then I knew that I would become a specialist in computer technologies – a computer engineer. Computer industry is developing so fast, that it comprises all spheres of professional life. No business now is possible without computers. Computer control of automated production opens new horizons for the cheap and quality production of goods. Computer engineering is a general field. It deals with both electric and electronic industries. Engineers in the field of electric and electronic engineering are concerned with all aspects of electrical communications, from fundamental questions such as “What is information?” to the highly practical, such as the design of telephone systems. In designing communication systems, engineers rely on various branches of advanced mathematics, such as linear systems theory, linear algebra, differential equations, and probability theory. Engineers work on control systems which are used extensively in automated manufacturing and in robotics. The field of computer science is closely related to computer engineering; however, the task of making computers more “intelligent” (artificial intelligence), through creation of sophisticated programs or development of higher level machine languages or other means. One current trend in computer engineering is miniaturization, to fit greater and greater numbers of circuit elements onto smaller and smaller chips. Another trend is increasing the speed of computer operations through the use of parallel processors and superconducting materials. So, as you see, there are a lot of employment opportunities in my field. I don’t worry about finding a job. The most important thing for me is now to study well and to graduate from the University successfully. Lawyer I am a fourth year student of Pavlodar State University. I study at the Law Faculty. In a year I’ll graduate from the University and become a professional lawyer. To become a good lawyer one must know much. So at the University we are taught various general and special subject: Roman Law, Labour Law, Family Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Civil Law, Criminal Law, Law of Procedure, etc. The profession of a lawyer is quite diversified. The graduates of our faculty can work as investigators, judges, defence counsels, legal consultants. I’d like to be a judge and to work at a People’s Court. My friends will work at the Procurator’s Office, Militia, Legal Aid Offices. I think that now the profession is one of the most important in the law-governed state which we are creating now. Lawyers have to solve many problems that still exist in our society. The duty of lawyers is not only to punish people for various crimes: hooliganism, stealing, murder, traffic violation and so on but they must do their best to prevent crimes, to fight against evil in our society. They should help those people who committed an error to find the right road in their life. The lawyers protect the rights and legal interests of citizens, institutions and organizations. All the citizens are equal before the law. Judges are elected for a term of 5 years. Not only professional lawyers but the representatives of the population hear all criminal and civil cases having equal authority. The defendants are guaranteed the right to defence. In our country justice is exercised on the principles of equality of citizens before the law and the court, regardless of social position, property or official standing, nationality or race. The court’s mission is not just to meter out punishment, but rather to educate people in the spirit of strict observance of all laws, of labour discipline, appreciation of their duty to the state and society, respect for the rights and integrity of fellow citizens and of the norms of behaviour. Proceedings of all courts are open. All people before the court are presumed innocent, until the court, having observed all procedural guarantees, finds them guilty. Only then is the sentence pronounced. An appeal can be made against the ruling to a higher court, right up to the Supreme Court. Economist I’m a student at the Faculty of Economics. In the near future I’ll graduate from the University and become a professional economist. I’m sure that the profession of an economist is one the most important nowadays in view of the situation in our Republic. What makes a good economist? Whatever he does, an economist should have a thorough training in economic theory, mathematics and statistics and our University offers such training. At the University we are taught various general and special subjects, such as Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, Management, Accounting, Marketing, Advertizing, Money and Banking, Economic Theory, Econometrics, Statistics, Computer Science, Philosophy, Business Ethics, Foreign Languages, etc. An economist needs some knowledge of the world outside his own country because both business and government are deeply involved in the world economy. Some knowledge of political and economic history will help him to expect changes and always look for basic long-run forces under the surface of things. The profession of an economist is quite diversified. The graduates of our Faculty work at educational institutions, various research centres and laboratories, in industry, business, banks, etc. You may continue your studies at the Post-graduate Courses or Doctorate if you have a desire and abilities to become a scientist or a professor. Scientist in the field of economics create new theories and models, test their hypotheses and carry out economic researches. Being employed in industry and business, our graduates work as managers, as an executive manager, a sales manager, a financial manager. Some of us work as accountants. An accountant is one of the most prestigious and widely required professions of an economist in any society. You shouldn’t mix an accountant and with a book-keeper. While a book-keeper is mostly involved in calculations, like balance sheets, income statements, invoices, an accountant is responsible for designing the financial policy of a company. Some of us work at the banks, at the Stock Exchange as brokers, others work for the government or are employed by various agencies and by military services. Knowing the economic laws of the development of the society, economists can solve many problems facing our Republic and I hope I’ll manage to make my contribution to this process. Chemist When I was little I dreamed to be a pilot. But life is changing and we are changing too. Now I understand clearly that I can be useful in an absolutely different sphere. My favourite subject at school was chemistry and I liked to conduct chemical experiments. Civilization is the sum of numerous items, and one of the most important of them is chemistry. Chemistry is widely used in machine-building and power engineering, agriculture, health service, medicine and consumer goods production. Chemistry enables man to melt metals from ores and minerals. Without chemistry modern metallurgy is impossible. Chemistry makes more and more wonderful substances from animal and vegetable and mineral materials. Thousands and thousands of man-made substances possess very important and useful properties of great utility for the life and work of man. Chemistry is a faithful helper of the farmer. The output of mineral fertilizers, chemical pest killers and herbicides has been increased. It can be said that no branch of the modern economy can exist without chemical processes, methods and materials. The chemical industry produces new types of building materials, fabrics and clothes, medicines and dyestuffs – in short, everything necessary for industry, agriculture, and for man’s cultural and home needs. Chemists are always on the look-out for new laws of nature, trying to penetrate deeper into the mysteries of matter, to clear the way to technological progress. We study the chemical technology of organic and inorganic substances, but there are different independent branches of this science: electrochemistry, radiochemistry, biochemistry, cosmo chemistry and many others. Every year hundreds of young chemists graduate from the chemical departments and go to work to all parts of our country. Historian I’m in my third year of the History Faculty. I must say that I’m very interested in the subjects which I have chosen of all humanities as my future speciality. History was my favourite subject at school. I was fond of reading historical novels describing life, culture and political events in different countries of the world. History is a process of developing nature and society. History as a science studies the past of mankind in all its variety and concreteness. There are many historical subjects in our program: Ancient History, The Middle Ages, the History of Kazakhstan, Modern and Contemporary History, etc. History helps people understand and explain the processes going on in various aspects of human life. It also helps foresee the course of events in future. Historians study and describe the historic events taking place in different epochs and in different countries. Their descriptions and analyses should be strictly objective and scientific. As for me I’m deeply interested in the history of my native land. The profession of a historian is quite diversified. The graduates of our Faculty can work as teachers and research workers at secondary and higher schools, different museums and archives. Many of them have become well-known scientists or chosen public activity as their career. Whether I shall make a good teacher or become successful in some other field of social life remains to be seen. But I’m sure that my knowledge received at the University will help me succeed in my future work. 7 The Branches of National Economy 7.1 Economy of England 7.1.1 Answer the questions: 1. The United Kingdom is a highly developed industrial country, isn’t it? 2. What mineral resources is the country rich in? 3. What are the main industrial cities of Great Britain? 7.1.2 Read and translate the text Economy of England England has been a leader in manufacturing since the Industrial Revolution began there in the 1700’s. England produces most of the United Kingdom’s industrial and farm products. England’s ideal location on the busy North Atlantic shipping lanes – and its many excellent harbors – have helped make it the United Kingdom’s center of trade. Service industries are also an important part of England’s economy. Service industries employ about 70 percent of English workers. England’s most important service industries include banking and insurance. London is an international financial center. Its major financial institutions include the Bank of England, the United Kingdom’s national bank; the London Stock Exchange, one of the world’s busiest stock exchanges; and Lloyd’s, the famous worldwide insurance society. Other important service industries in England include tourism, transportation and communications, education, and health care. Manufacturing provides jobs for about 20 percent of the work force. Most of the United Kingdom’s exports are goods manufactured in England. For many years, almost all of England’s factories were built near coal fields, close to their source of power. Today, electric power, oil, and gas are being used more and more. As a result, many new industries have developed around London and in the southeastern section of England, where there is little coal. England’s chief manufactured products include beverages, chemicals, clothing, electronic equipment, engines for military aircraft, fabricated steel products, footwear, leather goods, paper, processed foods, tobacco, and woolen cloth and other textiles. England is also a leader in printing and publishing. Agriculture and fishing. England’s chief agricultural products include barley, cattle, chickens and eggs, fruits, milk, potatoes, sheep, sugar beets, and wheat. England’s shallow coastal waters provide excellent fishing. Cod, haddock, and mackerel are the principal fishes caught in English waters. The main fishing ports are Hull on the North Sea coast and Fleetwood on the Irish Sea coast. Mining. Oil deposits and fields of natural gas lie in the North Sea, east of the island of Great Britain. The United Kingdom began pumping natural gas from North Sea wells in 1967, and it began pumping petroleum from the sea in 1975. The production of natural gas and petroleum has increased rapidly since then and has greatly benefited England’s economy. England once ranked as a major coal producer. The largest coal fields extend along both sides of the Pennine Chain into the Midlands. Coal output has been declining steadily, however, because of the increased use of oil, natural gas, and nuclear power. England’s coal industry has also suffered competition from lower-priced coal imported from Poland and South Africa. England’s iron ore production, which was once important to the steel industry, has declined. Most deposits of high-grade ore have been exhausted, and most of the ore that England uses has to be imported. Southwestern England has fine china clay, which is used in making pottery. Southeastern England has deposits of chalk, which is used to make cement. Transportation and communication. England has an extensive system of motorways (expressways) that link London with other major industrial centers. Roads and railroads carry passenger and freight traffic. England has dozens of ports of commercial significance. The most important are London, Tees and Hartlepool, Grimsby and Immingham, Southampton, and Liverpool. England also has a widespread inland waterway system, but these rivers and canals are more important for recreational boating than for transporting freight. Ferry services and hovercraft (vehicles that ride over water on a cushion of air) carry passengers across the English Channel between England and France. In 1987, the United Kingdom and France began construction of a railroad tunnel beneath the English Channel. The tunnel was completed in 1994 (see Channel Tunnel). England has approximately 80 daily newspapers. About 15 of them, including The Sun, The Times, and The Daily Telegraph, circulate throughout the United Kingdom. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), a public corporation, provides radio and television services. Other broadcasting services are controlled by the Radio Authority and the Independent Television Commission (ITC). The BBC has no commercials. Glossary Shipping lanes – судоходные линии harbor - бухта trade - торговля insurance - cтрахование Bank of England – Английский Банк Stock Exchange – Лондонская Фондовая Биржа provide - обеспечивать source of power – источник энергии beverages- напиток equipment - оборудование engine - двигатель include - включать barley - ячмень shallow – поверхностный, мель cod - треска haddock - пикша mackerel -скумбрия pump – выкачивать, насос increase - увеличивать benefit – извлекать пользу, выгода, польза extend – простираться, тянуться exhaust – истощать, исчерпывать, выхлоп pottery - керамика freight –стоимость перевозки, фракт ferry - паром hovercraft – судно, поезд на воздушной подушке
1. When did the industrial revolution in England begin? 2. What helps England make itself the United Kingdom’s center of trade? 3. What does service industries of England include? 4. How does Manufacturing of England develop? 5. What are the main agricultural products in England? 6. Does England have the largest fishing poets in Europe? 7. What mineral resources can be found on the territory of the UK? 8. Where does the largest coal fields extend? 9. What is the southwestern and southeastern England rich in? 10. England has an extensive system of motorways (expressways), doesn’t it? 11. What are the main important ports of England situated? 7.2 Britain’s most famous shops – Marks&Spencer 7.2.1 You are going to read a magazine article about one of Britain’s most famous shops – Marks&Spencer Pre-reading task Work in pairs and use dictionaries if necessary The following people, places, and things are in the article. What connection do you think they have with Marks&Spencer? They appear here in the same order as in the text. - Princess Diana - Spain - £10 million - Paris and Newcastle - a Polish immigrant - jumpers - shoelaces - chiropodists 7.2.2 Now read the article quickly and discuss the list again Marks&Spencer Marks&Spencer (or M&S) is Britain’s favourite store. Tourists love it too. It attracts a great variety of customers, from housewives to millionaires. Princess Diana, Dustin Hoffman, and the British Prime Minister are just a few of its famous customers. Last year it made a profit of £529 million, which is more than £10 million a week. How did it all begin? It all started 105 years ago, when a young Polish immigrant, Michael Marks, had a stall in Leeds market. He didn’t have many things to sell: some cotton, a little wool, lots of buttons, and a few shoelaces. Above his stall he put the now famous notice: 
Ten years later, he met Tom Spencer and together they started Penny Stalls in many towns in the north of England. Today there are 564 branches of M&S all over the world – in America, Canada, Spain, France, Belgium, and Hungary. What are the best-sellers? Surprisingly, tastes in food and clothes are international. What sells well in Paris sells just as well in Newcastle. Their best-selling clothes are: - For women: jumpers, bras, and knickers (M&S is famous for its knickers!). - For men: shirts, socks, pyjamas, dressing gowns, and suits. - For children: underwear and socks. Best-sellers in food include: fresh chickens, bread, vegetables, and sandwiches. Chicken Kiey is internationally the most popular convenience food. Why is M&S so successful? The store bases its business on three principles: good value, good quality, and good service. Also, it changes with the times – once it was all jumpers and knickers. Now it’s food, furniture, and flowers as well. Top fashion designers advise on styles of clothes. But perhaps the most important key to its success is its happy, well-trained staff. Conditions of work are excellent. There are company doctors, dentists, hairdressers, and even chiropodists to look after the staff, and all the staff can have lunch for under 40p!
a) ____________________________________£529 million. b) ____________________________________105 years ago. c) ____________________________________Poland. d) ____________________________________ No, he only had a few things. e) ____________________________________564 f) _____________________________________ Because it gives good value, good quality, and good service. g) _____________________________________ No, it doesn’t. It sells food and furniture as well. h) ___________________________________Less than 40p. 7.2.4 Infinitives after adjectives. Complete the following sentences Model: hard / find a good job It’s hard to find a good job. I / surprised / see you here I’m surprised to see you here. a) This book / easy / read b) lovely / see you last night c) easy / make mistakes when you’re learning a language d) important / keep vocabulary records e) I / pleased / see you’ve stopped smoking f) impossible / keep the house tidy with five children g) unusual / have long, hot summers in England 7.2.5 Rewrite the sentences, using the adjectives in brackets Model: I heard you passed your driving test. (delighted) I was delighted to hear that you passed your driving test. a) I learned that your aunt had died. (sorry) b) He wanted to know where we had been. (anxious) c) She found that her husband was still alive. (amazed) d) I see you’re still smoking. (disappointed) e) He learned that he had nearly died. (shocked)
B. 1) A travel agent 2) An estate agent 3) An off-license 4) A betting shop 5) A registry office 6) A library 7.2.7 “To” used instead of whole infinitive Notice that the whole infinitive need not be repeated if it is understood. Model: A You look terrible. You should have a holyday. В I’m going to. (I’m going to have a holyday.) Write a reply to A, using the verbs in brackets. a) A Why aren’t you going to work? (not want) b) A Can you come round for a meal tonight? (love) , But c) A I’m afraid I can’t take you to the airport after all. Sorry. (promise) But d) A Why can’t I take this book from the library? (not allow) e) A Why have you painted the wall black? (tell) A No, I didn’t. I told you to paint it pale yellow. h) A Did you go out for a meal with him? (not ask)
1. Here it need only be said that it is immediately concerned with the organs of speech. 2. In order to fulfill their symbolizing and communicative functions, languages must organize the available noises that can be produced by the vocal organs. 3. This allows the body to be more to both give and receive a blow. 4. It also carries out the logical operations of comparing values so that switches can be set that causes the execution of a program to follow different sequences, depending on the results of these comparisons. 5. The control unit would do precisely that, assuming that there were data waiting to be read. 6. From this example you can see that the computer does precisely what it is told and it has to be told nearly everything. 7.3 Economy of the USA 7.3.1 Discuss the topic From the history of the USA you know that the country had many other names such as “Melting Pot”, “The Land of Opportunity”. Why was the country called the “Land of Opportunity”?
The heavy industries are for the most part in the Middle West, in the region of the Great Lakes, around Detroit and Chicago, in the north-eastern states and near Birmingham. The automobile industry and all kinds of machine building are highly developed especially in and near Detroit, in California and in areas of heavy industry. Ship-building is developed along the Atlantic Coast and also in San Francisco and Seattle on the Pacific coast. The textile industry is concentrated in the north-east, in Boston and other cities: but it is especially well developed in the South, where much cotton is grown, in the Mississippi valley. The USA has a highly developed railway system. It also has the best system of roads in the world. The Great lakes and the rivers, especially the Saint Lawrence River and the Mississippi, are used for transport. American agriculture produces more food products. Much of them are exported. In the Middle West very much grain is grown. Fresh fruit and vegetables come all the year round from the Southern regions, especially Florida, from California and south-western states. I n California the climate is usually mild all year. “California” is a Spanish word meaning “heat of the ovens”. California oranges, grapefruit and lemons, as well as many other fruits and vegetables are shipped all over the US and to other parts of the world. The highlands in the west of the country are famous for their cattle-farming. Poultry- farming and vegetable –growing are concentrated in the country- side near all big cities. Nebraska has many golden wheat fields. In Iowa and Illinois, wheat and corn are important products, and much livestock is raised. In Pennsylvania and New Jersey you can find factories of nearly every tipe-textile and pottery, steel and chemicals. This is the richest industrial region of the country, with more city dwellers and a larger foreign-born population than anywhere else in the US. Glossary Mine- шахта to mine- добывать в шахте oil-field- нефтяной промысел grain- зерно poultry-farming- птицеводство oven- духовой шкаф wheat- пшеница 7.3.3 Answer the questions to the text: 1. What are the main brunches of the USA industry? 2. What mineral resources can be found on the territory of the USA? 3. What region of the country is rich in coal? 4. Where is automobile industry developed? 5. What industry is developed along the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans? 6. What is Boston famous for? 7. Is railway system of the USA highly developed? 8. What are the main agricultural regions? 9. Is the USA a grainary country? 10. Why is California called “heat of the ovens”? 11. What kinds of industry are there in Pennsylvania and New Jersy? 7.3.4 Infinitive or –ing Put the verb in brackets in the right form, infinitive (with or without to), or –ing. Sometimes two forms are possible. Model: I enjoy walking (walk) in the rain. Would you like to have (have) something to eat? It started to rain / raining (rain) while we were out. a) My family is trying ___________ (decide) where to go on holiday. b) I’d like _______________ (go) somewhere different for a change. c) I enjoy _______________ (visit) places I’ve never been to before. d) But my children hate ____________ (sightsee). e) They prefer ________________ (play) in a swimming pool all day. f) They refuse ________________ (go) out on trips if it’s too hot. g) A lady from travel agency helped us ______________ (choose) a nice house. h) When we arrived, the people next door invited us ____________ (have) a drink with them.
She ______________________________________ . b) ‘I won’t lend you any money,’ she said to me. (refuse) She ______________________________________. c) ‘I think you should look for a better job,’ I said to Jerry. (advice) I ________________________________________. d) ‘Get out of bed!’ she said to her children. (tell) She _______________________________________. e) ‘Could you post a letter for me?’ he said to his daughter. (ask) He ________________________________________. f) ‘You can go home early,’ the teacher said the class. (let) The teacher ___________________________________. g) ‘You must practice for two hours every day!’ my piano teacher says to me. (make) My piano teacher ________________________________. h) ‘It was difficult, but I saved £ 1000 in six month. (manage) I ____________________________. 7.3.6 Put the verb in brackets in the right form, infinitive or –ing. Sometimes two forms are possible. Model: I enjoy walking (walk) in the rain Would you like to have (have) something to eat? a) I want __________________ (see) a film on TV. b) I hope __________________ (hear) from you soon. Best wishes, Peter. c) When did you finish _________________ (paint) the kitchen? d) I began _________________ (learn) English when I was seven. e) Some people like________________ (have) breakfast in bed, but I don’t. f) Don’t forget ________________ (post) my letter! g) We’ve decided ________________ (get) married in the spring. h) When she saw how I was dressed, she started _____________ (laugh). i) What do you want ___________________ (do) tonight? j) I’d like _________________ (go) to the theatre. k) I love ___________________ (listen) to live music. 7.3.7 Fill in the gap. Complete the following story. The lines show the number of words missing. The words are not always gerunds or infinitives He tried to find a job. I’d like you to help me. John Bradley was surprised (a) a letter waiting for him on his desk when he arrived at work. Before (b) it, he hung up his coat and took out his glasses. “Dear Mr. Bradley,” he read, “We are sorry (c) you that your services are no longer required…” He could not believe it. After (d) for the company for thirty years, he had been made redundant, one Monday morning, without (e) warned in any way at all. There was no point (f) the letter. The ending was obvious. “Thank you for your loyalty and dedication over the years, and we hope you will enjoy (g) more time to spend…” The company wanted (h) to go away quietly and enjoy his premature retirement. He was fifty-two. How could he (i) find another job at his age? He knew that firms were not interested (j) people over forty-five, let alone over fifty. Could he still afford (k) his daughters to their expensive school? He sat back in his chair and looked out of the window, wondering (l) next. He decided (m) the office as soon as possible. He did not want (n) to see him while he felt so depressed. So he put on his coat and for the last time closed the office door behind him. He stopped (o) “goodbye” to the telephonist, whom he had known for years, and left the building. Out in the street, it had begun (p) . He had forgotten (q) his umbrella that morning, so he turned up his overcoat collar and walked towards the station (r) his train home. He didn’t know what (s) to his wife. The thought of breaking the news to her (t) feel sick.
a) I learned that your aunt had died. (sorry) b) He wanted to know where we had been. (anxious) c) She found that her husband was still alive. (amazed) d) I see you’re still smoking. (disappointed) e) He learned that he had nearly died. (shocked) 7.3.9 Verbs + gerund or infinitive. Rewrite the sentences, using the verbs in brackets. Model: “Come to the party. You’ll really enjoy it,” he said to her. (Persuade) He persuaded her to go to the party. 1. “Yes, I did drive too fast through the town,” she said. (admit) 2. “I’ll lend you some money, if you like,” he said to me. (offer) 3. “If I were you, I’d accept the job,” he said to his daughter. (advise) 4. “Why don’t you have a holiday in my country cottage?” he said to us. (invite) 5. “You must pay for the damage you’ve done,” she said. So I paid. (make) 6. “I haven’t smoked for three years,” she said. (stop) 7. We needed petrol, so we went to a service station. (stop) 8. I didn’t buy food for dinner so we had to go out. (forget) But I fed the cat. (remember) 9. I had piano lessons for years, but I was never very good. (try) 7.3.11 Find and explain the function of the Gerund 1. Writing is a secondary manifestation of language compared with speaking. 2. Two further points are worth making in connection with the text and its context of situation. 3. The physics of spin dependent tunneling is still far from being clearly understood. 4. Schoolmastering has never been given in England the full respect that is its due. 5. The control unit coordinates all the functions of the central processor by interpreting and executing instructions held in the computer memory. 6. It is not just the case of deciding to set him free or of wanting him to be free.. 7.4 Economy of Kazakhstan 7.4.1 Read and translate the text Kazakhstan is one of the richest countries of the world as concerning its natural and manpower resources. After gaining independence Kazakhstani economy is oriented to the creation of free market in democratic society. Privatization of the state property has been going on since 1992. The private sector of Kazakhstan is experiencing an unbelievable growth making the basis for the future economic stability of the state. Kazakhstan is open for the foreign investments into its economy. In spite of hardships of the transition period, President’s program “Kazakhstan 2030” guarantees the formation of democratic society with the developed economic system that will make our country one of the most prosperous state in the world. Kazakhstan is rich in natural resources. It has vast reserves of oil and natural gas. There are major deposits of coal and precious and base metals. Kazakhstan has potential in both grain and prosperous production. Development of these natural resources has been hampered by the fact that Kazakhstan is a landlocked country and potential export routes are vulnerable to political and economic conditions in neighboring countries. Nevertheless, the abundance of natural resources has attracted considerable interest among international companies. Major reforms initiated since 1992 have among other achievements, largely removed price controls and reduced the role of the public sector in the economy, emphasized growth in the industrial and service sectors, liberalized foreign trade, reduced tariffs and promoted export growth, eased capital transfer and exchange controls, encouraged foreign investment, strengthened the independence of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan (the “NBK”) and moved towards full convertibility of the Kazakhstan Tenge (“KZT”) as well as a reformed tax and customs system.
Hardship – лишение, нужда, испытание prosperous – цветущий, процветающий hampered – мешать, препятствовать, затруднять abundance – изобилие, богатство tax – налог, бремя vulnerable – уязвимый
1. Is Kazakhstan one of the richest countries of the world? 2. Is Kazakhstan’s economy oriented to the creation of the free market in democratic society? 3. What is the private sector of Kazakhstan experiencing? 4. What does the President’s program guarantee? 5. What is Kazakhstan rich in? 6. Kazakhstan has potential in both grain and prosperous production, hasn’t it? 7. What is the currency of Kazakhstan? 8. When did major reforms initiate? 9. What are the main purposes of the reforms? 7.4.3 Underline the correct participle (present and past participles) Model: He told us a fascinating / fascinated story. 1. That was a really disgusting / disgusted meal. 2. I’ve always been interesting / interested in wild life, especially birds. 3. My husband has the annoying / annoyed habit of eating toast in bed. 4.I was horrifying / horrified to learn that I had narrowly escaped death. 5. It was a very embarrassing / embarrassed situation. I wished the floor could have swallowed me up. 6. He said he was quite satisfying / satisfied with my progress. 7. You look confusing / confused. Haven’t you understood what I’m talking about? 8. Your behavior was shocking / shocked. You should be ashamed of yourself. 9. My exam results were rather disappointing / disappointed. I’ve got to retake the exams in September. 10. I’ve just seen a wonderful film about life in space. The special effects were amazed / amazing! 7.4.4 Rewrite the following sentences, substituting the relative clause with a participle clause. Model: There are many endangered animals that are fighting for survival.There are many endangered animals fighting for survival. 1. The train that is standing at platform 6 is for Don Caster. 2. People who live in high-rise blocks of flats often complain of loneliness.3. The money that is given to old-age pensioners is barely enough to live on. 4. The man who had been sent to repair my central heating was totally incompetent. 5. My aunt, who knew how much I liked chocolates, bought me a huge box for my birthday. 7.4.5 Complete the sentences with one of the following verbs in the correct form, as a present participle or past participle. Want, grow, look, stand, hide. steal, injure, cry, say, tear. 1. The escaped prisoner was found ………. in a barn. 2. The room was deserted but for Jan, ………. by the window, ………. out as dusk approached. 3. I think I heard the baby ………. . You go to her. It’s your turn. 4. Workmen discovered a vase full of Roman coins ………. underneath the floor of an old building. 5. I got a letter this morning from the Tax Office, ………. that I owe them over three thousand pounds. I hope they’ve made a mistake. 6. Not ………. to wake up the household, I took off my shoes and crept upstairs. 7. ………. up in the country, I learned a lot about animals and their habits. 8. He was caught ………. a ten-pound note from the till. 9. The money ………. in the raid has never been recovered. 10. She fell on the ice, ………. her arm, and ………. her dress. 7.4.6 Find and explain the function of the Participle 1. The mode is the function of the text in the event, including both the channel taken by the language its genre. 2. The twisting motion of a student’s hand at the moment of impact adds a refined element of power. 3. Another contribution that sociolinguistics could make to dialectology concerned the principle, mentioned above as having been argued for by Labov, that the more we know, the more we can find out. 4. The dynamics of all animal and plant populations are highly stochastic and typically affected strongly by variations in the environment. 5. The curriculum should be open to receive information not now included. 6. Having normalized the time the histories of displacement and velocity data obtained from each joint, continuous relative phase can be calculated by subtracting the phase angle of one joint from that of the other joint at corresponding time intervals throughout the entire cycle. 7. The relationship between the tutor and other staff needs to be one of equality where no one teacher is seen as having a monopoly of authority or competence. 8. The brief encounter of the literary avant-garde with the political Left was spurred by apocalyptic hopes engendered by the Russian Revolution. 7.4.7 Translate the participles from Russian into English 1. The textbooks (написанные) some years ago are not useful now. 2. The book (обсуждаемая) now will be published in some months. 3. (Создавая) this book the author took into consideration new scientific discoveries. 4. (После того, как она была написана), the book was published several times. 5. The man (написавший) this book lived in the 15-th century. 6. She went away (оставив) him alone. 7. At the conference they discussed new methods (применяемые) in genetics. 8. One day you’ll get a letter (информирующее) you of our work. 9. She smiled (вспоминая) the joke. 10. She smiled (вспомнив) the joke. Приложение А (обязательное) Alphabet *Read and transcribe the letters of English Alphabet
Приложение Б (дополнительное)
1 Find the right variant 1) How many presidents has the US had? A) over 50 B) over 40 C) over 25 D) over 5 E) over 8 2) Who was elected as the 22nd and the 24th president? A) Theodore Roosevelt B) John Kennedy C) Grover Cleveland D) Ronald Wilson E) Bill Clinton 3) When was the first president of the USA, George Washington inaugurated? A) in 1720 B) in 1800 C) in 1789 D) in 1888 E) in 1891 4) Where was the 1st president buried? A) in California B) in Massachusetts C) in Virginia D) in Panama E) in Kazakhstan 5) How many presidents were elected for 2 terms? A) 15 B) 9
C) 10 D) 2
E) 12 6) How many full terms did Franklin Roosevelt serve? A) 3 B) 2
C) 1 D) 10
E) 12 7) Franklin Roosevelt was elected to the fourth term in 1944. Who completed Roosevelt's fourth term when he died in 1945? A) Harry Truman B) Abraham Lincoln C) Lyndon Johnson D) George Bush E) William Harrison 8) Who served the shortest term? A) William Harrison B) Richard Nixon C) Jimmy Carter D) Andrew Johnson E) Jimmy Carter 9) How many presidents were killed while in office? A) 7 B) 4
C) 5 D) 6
E) 8 10) Who was a tailor before he became a president? A) Andrew Johnson B) Ronald Reagan C) R. Wilson D) Lyndon Baines Johnson E) Herbert Clark Houver 11) Who was the youngest president to be elected to the office? A) John Kennedy B) Richard Nixon C) Jimmy Carter D) Calvin Goolidge E) Ulysses Simpson Grant 12) What state is known as the "Presidents' State"? A) California B) Virginia C) Texas D) Washington E) Mexico
1 Аракин В.Д. Практический курс английского языка. ─ М., 2002. ─ 225 с. 2 Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. ─СПб.: КАРО, 2003. ─ 540 с. 3 Пассов Е.И.. Николаенко И.С. Искусство общения: учебное пособие. ─ М.,2000. ─ 345 с. 4 Агабекян И.П. Английский язык для технических специальностей. Ростов н/ Д., 2005. ─ 270 с. 5 Мерфи Р. English grammar in use. ─ Cambridge, 2004. ─ 340 с. 6 Мюллер В.К., Боянус С.К. Англо-русский язык: 40000 слов ─ Киев: Каннон, 1998. ─ 580 с. 7 Кошманова И.И., Сидорова Н.А. “Topics for discussion”. ─, СПб., Издательство СОЮЗ, 2000. ─ 320 с. 8 Хведченя Л.В., Хорень Р.В. Английский язык для поступающих в вузы. ─ Минск, 2000. ─ 462 с. 9 Philipp Kerr. Inside Out (student’s book). ─ UK, Macmillan., 2005. ─ 264 с. 10 Алексеева Т.К., Дарская В.Г. “English for Business Part 1-2”. ─ М., 2002. ─ 426 с. 11 Philipp Kerr. Inside Out (student’s book), ─ UK, Macmillan, 2005. ─ 246 с. 12 Камянова Т. Практический курс английского языка. ─ М., 2003. ─ 364 с. 13 John and Liz Soars “Headway”. ─ Oxford University Press, 1991. ─ 220 с. 14 Broukal M. The Heinle and Heinle Test Assistant: Grammar. ─ M., 2004. ─ 178c. 15 Broukal M. The Heinle and Heinle Test Assistant: Lexica. ─ M., 2004. ─232 c. 16 Broukal M. The Heinle and Heinle Test Assistant: Reading. ─ M., 2004. ─ 246 c.
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